Curator Dashboard

Laser tool that enables neurons to be optically silenced by pulses of yellow light, the light-activated chloride pump halorhodopsin (Halo), in a paper entitled Multiple-color optical activation, silencing, and desynchronization of neural activity, with single-spike temporal resolution. Temporally precise, noninvasive control of activity in well-defined neuronal populations is a long-sought goal of systems neuroscience. We adapted for this purpose the naturally occurring algal protein Channelrhodopsin-2, a rapidly gated light-sensitive cation channel, by using lentiviral gene delivery in combination with high-speed optical switching to photostimulate mammalian neurons. We demonstrate reliable, millisecond-timescale control of neuronal spiking, as well as control of excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission. This technology allows the use of light to alter neural processing at the level of single spikes and synaptic events, yielding a widely applicable tool for neuroscientists and biomedical engineers. The quest to determine how precise neural activity patterns mediate computation, behavior, and pathology would be greatly aided by a set of tools for reliably activating and inactivating genetically targeted neurons, in a temporally precise and rapidly reversible fashion. Having earlier adapted a light-activated cation channel, 1channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2), for allowing neurons to be stimulated by blue light, we searched for a complementary tool that would enable optical neuronal inhibition, driven by light of a second color. Here we report that targeting the 1codon-optimized form of the light-driven chloride pump halorhodopsin from the archaebacterium Natronomas pharaonis (hereafter abbreviated Halo) to genetically-specified neurons enables them to be silenced reliably, and reversibly, by millisecond-timescale pulses of yellow light. We show that trains of yellow and blue light pulses can drive high-fidelity sequences of hyperpolarizations and depolarizations in neurons simultaneously expressing yellow light-driven Halo and blue light-driven ChR2, allowing for the first time manipulations of neural synchrony without perturbation of other parameters such as spiking rates. The Halo/ChR2 system thus constitutes a powerful toolbox for multichannel photoinhibition and photostimulation of virally or transgenically targeted neural circuits without need for exogenous chemicals, enabling systematic analysis and engineering of the brain, and quantitative bioengineering of excitable cells.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 15 years ago - by Anonymous

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is an organization directly affiliated to the State Council for the management of the National Natural Science Fund. # In accordance with the guiding principles, policies and plans for the development of science and technology in China and by adopting the operating mechanisms for the National Natural Science Fund which conform to the socialism market economic system, NSFC supports basic research and some of applied research, identifies and fosters talented researchers in the realm of science and technology, accelerates the progress of science and technology, and promotes the socioeconomic development in China by giving full play the guidance and coordinating role of the National Natural Science Fund from the central government. # NSFC is in charge of the management of the National Natural Science Fund. It compiles and promulgates the annual Guide to Programs for basic research and some of applied research, handles applications of research projects, and organizes peer review and select the best projects to support. It endeavors to create an academic environment conducive to innovation. # NSFC cooperates with the Ministry of Science and Technology to formulate the principles, policies and plans for the development of basic research in China. When entrusted, it provides consultation and undertakes related assignments on major issues for the development of high technology and applied research in China. # NSFC gives help and support to other Chinese foundations in natural sciences. # NSFC establishes contacts with governmental departments in charge of science and technology, science foundations and related academic organizations in other countries and carries out international cooperation and exchange. # NSFC is responsible for the administration, supervision and guidance of the subordinated bodies. # NSFC undertakes other tasks entrusted by the State Council and the State Leading Group for Science and Technology and Education.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 13 years ago - submitted by Andrea Stagg

Software R package which implements simple single-sample gene signature scoring method that uses rank-based statistics to analyze sample's gene expression profile. Scores expression activities of gene sets at single-sample level. Single sample scoring of molecular phenotypes.

• Resource
• RRID
• 7 months ago - by Anonymous

An R extension to ANTs that performs multivariate statistical parametric mapping of DTI, T1 and other datatypes for the purpose of both performing clinical studies and for tracking the performance of ANTs (and other) image processing methodologies. ANTsR depends upon the R statistical language, bash scripts and the ANTs toolkit. Some branches of ANTsR will also depend upon pipedream and specific datasets. Some of these datasets will be open access and, in that case, ANTsR will provide a 100% reproducible neuroimaging study on that data.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 15 years ago - by Anonymous

A company of professionally trained stereologists, bioscientists, computer engineers, educators, and support personnel that provides comprehensive neurostereology products and services to the global bioscience community. These products and services include: stereology and image analysis software, digital imaging technology, turnkey stereologer solutions, comprehensive stereology and image analysis/image processing software, professional contract services, neurostereology workshops, basic stereology courses, and online stereology webinars. The Center also offers tissue processing (sectioning, staining, slide preparation) and stereology data collection services. Researchers may use equipment and facilities to complete projects with full confidentiality and according to Good Laboratory Practices guidelines.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 13 years ago - by Anonymous

Facility provides access to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for all. Houses spectrometers ranging in field strength from 400 to 600 MHz, including two 500 MHz Brukers equipped with nitrogen-cooled Prodigy CryoProbes. New users may operate a particular spectrometer independently once they complete the required training and demonstrate the knowledge required for operating each instrument.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 7 months ago - submitted by Edyta Vieth

An open course site where you can take the World''s Best Courses, Online, For Free. We are a social entrepreneurship company that partners with the top universities in the world to offer courses online for anyone to take, for free. We envision a future where the top universities are educating not only thousands of students, but millions. Our technology enables the best professors to teach tens or hundreds of thousands of students. Through this, we hope to give everyone access to the world-class education that has so far been available only to a select few. We want to empower people with education that will improve their lives, the lives of their families, and the communities they live in. Our Courses Classes offered on Coursera are designed to help you master the material. When you take one of our classes, you will watch lectures taught by world-class professors, learn at your own pace, test your knowledge, and reinforce concepts through interactive exercises. When you join one of our classes, you''ll also join a global community of thousands of students learning alongside you. We know that your life is busy, and that you have many commitments on your time. Thus, our courses are designed based on sound pedagogical foundations, to help you master new concepts quickly and effectively. Key ideas include mastery learning, to make sure that you have multiple attempts to demonstrate your new knowledge; using interactivity, to ensure student engagement and to assist long-term retention; and providing frequent feedback, so that you can monitor your own progress, and know when you''ve really mastered the material. We offer courses in a wide range of topics, spanning the Humanities, Medicine, Biology, Social Sciences, Mathematics, Business, Computer Science, and many others. Whether you''re looking to improve your resume, advance your career, or just learn more and expand your knowledge, we hope there will be multiple courses that you find interesting.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 15 years ago - by Anonymous

An Australian government agency that allocates research funding to academics and researchers at Australian universities. The mission of the council is to deliver policy and programs that advance Australian research, spur innovation and benefit the community.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 14 years ago - submitted by Andrea Stagg

Public university, founded in 1962. It is a comprehensive institution focused on higher education, scientific research, and community extension services to promote innovation and sustainable development. The university offers various faculties, including agriculture, engineering, arts, sciences, and medicine.

• Resource
• RRID
• 7 months ago - submitted by Edyta Vieth

Diabetes research center which provides patient care and performs diabetes research. Its primary aim is to provide a facilitating framework for conducting multi-disciplinary basic and clinical research and to encourage the scientific development of young investigators.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 14 years ago - by Anonymous

A biopharmaceutical company focused exclusively on discovering, developing and commercializing orally-administered therapeutics to treat autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders and cancer. Each drug candidate is a small molecule designed to target a specific chemokine or chemo-attractant receptor, thereby blocking the inflammatory response driven by that particular chemokine while leaving the rest of the immune system unaffected., THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 16,2025.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 12 years ago - by Anonymous

Research university in Edinburgh, Scotland, founded in 1582. Has five main campuses. Known for arts, humanities and computer science.

• Organization
• SciCrunch
• 16 years ago - submitted by Timothy Tsui

An analysis tool for performing haplotype estimation on genetic markers such as SNPs and microsatellites. It is able to handle datasets that include case-control status as well as covariates and marker location variables (such as gene name, chromosome location, etc). (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 14 years ago - by Anonymous

A military affiliated research institute which focuses on funding and approving new and ongoing programs while ensuring a balanced investment portfolio. This organization is mainly concerned with making investments in technologies that can be used for national security.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 14 years ago - submitted by Andrea Stagg

Core offers tools to precisely modify the genome of cells and organisms using CRISPR-Cas9-based editing, CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), and CRISPR activation (CRISPRa) systems. Our platforms enable high-throughput genetic screening, gene knockouts, transcriptional modulation, and sequence editing with high efficiency and scalability.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 7 months ago - submitted by Edyta Vieth

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May,6th, 2021. Software application as extension to SLINK/FastSLINK to allow more marker loci to be simulated in pedigrees conditional on trait values and in linkage equilibrium or disequilibrium with trait locus. entry from Genetic Analysis Software.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 14 years ago - by Anonymous

Biological material management services provider including biospecimen storage, biobanking services, specimen collection kits, sample processing, DNA /RNA extraction and amplification, sample storage, distribution, and clinical trial support. They also offer transport and storage of active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) (API and bio-API), including cryogenic. They can assist with public health research, phase I???????????????IV studies, prospective and retrospective studies, IND/NDA submissions to the FDA, and entry of biotherapeutics into the commercial marketplace.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 16 years ago - by Anonymous

Core offers processing and testing of environmental DNA samples, assay development, field surveys and training services. The equipment housed in the center allows users to receive fluorescence-based qPCR analyses, for quantifying DNA concentration and abundances, and plate preparation.

• Resource
• RRID
• 6 months ago - by Anonymous

Aa brain network visualization tool, which can help researchers to visualize structural and functional connectivity patterns from different levels in a quick, easy, and flexible way.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 14 years ago - by Anonymous

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) is part of the World Health Organization. IARC''s mission is to coordinate and conduct research on the causes of human cancer, the mechanisms of carcinogenesis, and to develop scientific strategies for cancer prevention and control. The Agency is involved in both epidemiological and laboratory research and disseminates scientific information through publications, meetings, courses, and fellowships.

• Resource
• SciCrunch
• 15 years ago - by Anonymous