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Affiliative social connections facilitate well-being and survival in numerous species. Engaging in social interactions requires positive or negative motivational drive, elicited through coordinated activity across neural circuits. However, the identity, interconnectivity, and functional encoding of social information within these circuits remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on downstream projections of dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) dopamine neurons (DRNDAT) in mice, which we previously implicated in social motivation alongside an aversive affective state. We show that three prominent DRNDAT projections - to the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), central amygdala (CeA), and posterior basolateral amygdala (BLP) - play separable roles in behavior, despite substantial collateralization. Photoactivation of the DRNDAT-CeA projection promoted social behavior and photostimulation of the DRNDAT-BNST projection promoted exploratory behavior, while the DRNDAT-BLP projection supported place avoidance, suggesting a negative affective state. Downstream regions showed diverse receptor expression, poising DRNDAT neurons to act through dopamine, neuropeptide, and glutamate transmission. Furthermore, we show ex vivo that the effect of DRNDAT photostimulation on downstream neuron excitability depended on region and baseline cell properties, resulting in excitatory responses in BNST cells and diverse responses in CeA and BLP. Finally, in vivo microendoscopic cellular-resolution recordings in the CeA with DRNDAT photostimulation revealed a correlation between social behavior and neurons excited by social stimuli, suggesting that increased dopamine tone may recruit different CeA neurons to social ensembles. Collectively, these circuit features may facilitate a coordinated, but flexible, response in the presence of social stimuli that can be flexibly guided based on the internal social homeostatic need state of the individual.
Pubmed ID: 40747785
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Non-profit plasmid repository dedicated to helping scientists around the world share high-quality plasmids. Facilitates archiving and distributing DNA-based research reagents and associated data to scientists worldwide. Repository contains over 65,000 plasmids, including special collections on CRISPR, fluorescent proteins, and ready-to-use viral preparations. There is no cost for scientists to deposit plasmids, which saves time and money associated with shipping plasmids themselves. All plasmids are fully sequenced for validation and sequencing data is openly available. We handle the appropriate Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) with institutions, facilitating open exchange and offering intellectual property and liability protection for depositing scientists. Furthermore, we curate free educational resources for the scientific community including a blog, eBooks, video protocols, and detailed molecular biology resources.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package as distribution of ImageJ and ImageJ2 together with Java, Java3D and plugins organized into coherent menu structure. Used to assist research in life sciences.
View all literature mentionsA Python-based environment of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering. The core packages of SciPy include: NumPy, a base N-dimensional array package; SciPy Library, a fundamental library for scientific computing; and IPython, an enhanced interactive console.
View all literature mentionsPython 2D plotting library which produces publication quality figures in variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms. Used in python scripts, web application servers, and six graphical user interface toolkits. Used to generate plots, histograms, power spectra, bar charts, error charts, scatter plots.
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Chicken IgY (IgG) (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets Donkey Serum
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets IgY (IgG) (H+L)
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets TYROSINE HYDROXYLASE
View all literature mentionsMulti paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language developed by MathWorks. Allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python. Used to explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.
View all literature mentionsPulse generator that can hold 8 different pre-programmed paradigms all of which can use up to all 8 channels.
View all literature mentionsSoftware suite for electrophysiology data acquisition and analysis by Molecular Devices. Used for the control and recording of voltage clamp, current clamp, and patch clamp experiments. The software suite consists of Clampex 11 Software for data acquisition, AxoScope 11 Software for background recording, Clampfit 11 Software for data analysis, and optional Clampfit Advanced Analysis Module for sophisticated and streamlined analysis.
View all literature mentionsLeica CM3050 S is a cryostat for routine as well as research applications in biology, medicine and industry. The instrument has been designed for rapid freezing and sectioning of tissue samples. The instrument has not been designed for unattended storage of tissue material.
View all literature mentionsFully automated Leica VT1200 S vibrating blade microtome designed for sectioning for cutting fresh and fixed tissue in neuroscience by Leica Biosystems.
View all literature mentionsP-1000 include diagnostic testing of all puller components, built in error detection of air pressure loss or filament burnout, easy access to ramp test, measurement of jaw temperature, and access to previous pull results with heat on times for each cycle of program.Help topics are pre-loaded to assist with on-site troubleshooting and built-in glossary includes text, pictures, and diagrams explaining terms used in micropipette fabrication. Rotary dial is offered as alternative to keypad for numerical entry.
View all literature mentionsNext generation imaging system designed for high resolution, confocal observation of both fixed and living cells.FV1000 offers advances in confocal system performance while providing the speed and sensitivity required for live cell imaging with minimal risk of damage to living specimens.In addition, the FV1000 offers a revolutionary synchronized laser scanning system called the SIM Scanner. While one laser stimulates, the second laser simultaneously provides high-resolution imaging. This coordination of laser stimulation and imaging makes the FV1000 an ideal choice for FRAP, FLIP and photoactivation.
View all literature mentionsStatistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for image processing, analysis, and editing. The software includes features such as touch capabilities, a customizable toolbar, 2D and 3D image merging, and Cloud access and options.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
View all literature mentionsVideo tracking software that tracks and analyzes the behavior, movement, and activity of any animal.
View all literature mentionsEnsures operation with automatic or manual fine sectioning abilities of Thermo Scientific HM 430 Sliding Microtome.
View all literature mentionsDevelops and distributes premium scientific equipment to enhance research of neurons, neuronal circuits and animal behaviour.
View all literature mentionsComputer controlled amplifier for current clamp and voltage clamp applications from Molecular Devices, LLC. Amplifier used for electrophysiology and electrochemistry.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to enable biologists without training in computer vision or programming to quantitatively measure phenotypes from thousands of images automatically. It counts cells and also measures the size, shape, intensity and texture of every cell (and every labeled subcellular compartment) in every image. It was designed for high throughput screening but can perform automated image analysis for images from time-lapse movies and low-throughput experiments. CellProfiler has an increasing number of algorithms to identify and measure properties of neuronal cell types.
View all literature mentionsOpen source Java based image processing software program designed for scientific multidimensional images. ImageJ has been transformed to ImageJ2 application to improve data engine to be sufficient to analyze modern datasets.
View all literature mentionsVector graphics software to create digital graphics, illustrations, and typography for several types of media: print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.
View all literature mentionsImage processing software used to modify and clarify sample images for FluoView FV1000 range of confocal laser scanning microscopes and Fluoview FV1000MPE multiphoton excitation systems. The software incorporates high-dynamic-range imaging, minimized signal-to-noise ratios, partial stitching with multiarea time-lapse imaging, and channel unmixing. The software also allows users to select specific areas of the whole sample, which can stitched together.
View all literature mentionsProvides equipment for TEER measurement, nitric oxide testing, and electro-physiology applications.
View all literature mentionsMiniature microscope system that integrates in vivo cellular resolution calcium imaging with simultaneous or sequential optogenetic manipulation to causally link neural circuit activity with behavior.
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