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Cholesterol Crystal-Mediated Inflammation Is Driven by Plasma Membrane Destabilization.

Fei Shu | Jiahuan Chen | Xiaojie Ma | Yunzhou Fan | Li Yu | Wencheng Zheng | Matthias W Amrein | Tie Xia | Yan Shi
Frontiers in immunology | 2018

Atherosclerosis is driven by an inflammatory milieu in the walls of artery vessels. Initiated early in life, it progresses to plaque formation and form cell accumulation. A culprit in this cascade is the deposition of cholesterol crystals (CC). The involvement of smaller crystals in the early stage of atherosclerotic changes may be critical to the long-term pathological development. How these small crystals initiate the pro-inflammatory events is under study. We report here an unexpected mechanism that microscopic CC interact with cellular membrane in a phagocytosis-independent manner. The binding of these crystals extracts cholesterol from the cell surface. This process causes a sudden catastrophic rupture of plasma membrane and necrosis of the bound cells independent of any known cell death-inducing pathways, releasing inflammatory agents associated with the necrotic cell death. Our results, therefore, reveal a biophysical aspect of CC in potentially mediating the inflammatory progress in atherosclerosis.

Pubmed ID: 29896195

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