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Two major phospholipase D (PLD) isozymes in mammals, PLD1 and PLD2, hydrolyze the membrane phospholipid phosphatidylcholine to choline and the lipid messenger phosphatidic acid. Although their roles in cancer cells have been well studied, their functions in tumor microenvironment have not yet been clarified. Here, we demonstrate that PLD2 in cytotoxic CD8+ T cells plays a crucial role in anti-tumor immunity by regulating their cell proliferation. We found that growth of tumors formed by subcutaneously transplanted cancer cells is enhanced in Pld2-knockout mice. Interestingly, this phenotype was found to be at least in part attributable to the ablation of Pld2 from bone marrow cells. The number of CD8+ T cells, which induce cancer cell death, significantly decreased in the tumor produced in Pld2-knockout mice. In addition, CD3/CD28-stimulated proliferation of primary cultured splenic CD8+ T cells is markedly suppressed by Pld2 ablation. Finally, CD3/CD28-dependent activation of Erk1/2 and Ras is inhibited in Pld2-deleted CD8+ T cells. Collectively, these results indicate that PLD2 in CD8+ T cells plays a key role in their proliferation through activation of the Ras/Erk signaling pathway, thereby regulating anti-tumor immunity.
Pubmed ID: 29674728
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Commercial antibody supplier and developer for biomedical research. These products are compatible with use in flow cytometry and mass cytometry, immunoprecipitation and chip, western blotting, immunofluorescence microscopy, and quantitative multiplexing.
View all literature mentionsNon-profit plasmid repository dedicated to helping scientists around the world share high-quality plasmids. Facilitates archiving and distributing DNA-based research reagents and associated data to scientists worldwide. Repository contains over 65,000 plasmids, including special collections on CRISPR, fluorescent proteins, and ready-to-use viral preparations. There is no cost for scientists to deposit plasmids, which saves time and money associated with shipping plasmids themselves. All plasmids are fully sequenced for validation and sequencing data is openly available. We handle the appropriate Material Transfer Agreements (MTA) with institutions, facilitating open exchange and offering intellectual property and liability protection for depositing scientists. Furthermore, we curate free educational resources for the scientific community including a blog, eBooks, video protocols, and detailed molecular biology resources.
View all literature mentionsAn award-winning multimedia science and environment series created by KQED, San Francisco, the public media station serving Northern California. Launched in February 2007, by the end of its fourth season (in September 2010), QUEST had reached approximately 36 million viewers and listeners through its traditional TV and radio broadcasts and its growing Web audience. QUEST''s ultimate aim is to raise science literacy in the San Francisco Bay Area and beyond, inspiring audiences to discover and explore science and environment issues for themselves. Every season, KQED''s QUEST produces: * half-hour television episodes episodes that air weekly, exploring the cutting-edge work of Northern California scientists and researchers (QUEST airs Wednesdays 7:30pm on KQED Public Television 9); * weekly radio reports covering urban environmental issues which often include multimedia slide shows, and interactive online maps (QUEST airs Mondays 6:30am and 8:30am on KQED Public Radio 88.5 FM); * Educational resources, for use by formal and informal educators; QUEST also provides professional development for science educators to support multimedia and technology integration in science classrooms and programs; * 20 six-minute stories for its new web only series, Science on the SPOT, which takes a fresh, fast and curious look at science with stories about albino redwoods, the science of fog and banana slugs, to name a few. (launched in 2010); * A daily science blog written by Northern California scientists, QUEST producers and science enthusiasts; * Exclusive web extras, featuring extended interviews with scientists; Flickr photos, and science hikes. Formal and informal Educators who would like to become involved withthe educational outreach program should contact: ScienceEd (at) kqed.org.
View all literature mentionsMus musculus with name C57BL/6J from IMSR.
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