Facial asymmetries, often subtle, can indicate imbalances that go beyond aesthetic concerns.

Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles critical for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Delivery of biosynthetic lysosomal proteins to lysosomes is crucial to orchestrate proper lysosomal function. However, it remains unknown how the delivery of biosynthetic lysosomal proteins to lysosomes is ensured in neurons, which are highly polarized cells. Here, we developed Protein Origin, Trafficking And Targeting to Organelle Mapping (POTATOMap), by combining trafficking synchronization and proximity-labelling based proteomics, to unravel the trafficking routes and interactome of the biosynthetic lysosomal membrane protein LAMP1 at specified time points. This approach, combined with advanced microscopy, enables us to identify the neuronal domain-specific trafficking machineries of biosynthetic LAMP1. We reveal a role in replenishing axonal lysosomes, in delivery of newly synthesized axonal synaptic proteins, and interactions with RNA granules to facilitate hitchhiking in the axon. POTATOMap offers a robust approach to map out dynamic biosynthetic protein trafficking and interactome from their origin to destination.

A detailed understanding of the human antibody response to outer surface protein C (OspC) of Borrelia burgdorferi has important implications for Lyme disease diagnostics and vaccines.

Heterogeneous networks contain multiple types of nodes and links, with some link types encapsulating hierarchical structure over entities. Hierarchical relationships can codify information such as subcategories or one entity being subsumed by another and are often used for organizing conceptual knowledge into a tree-structured graph. Hyperbolic embedding models learn node representations in a hyperbolic space suitable for preserving the hierarchical structure. Unfortunately, current hyperbolic embedding models only implicitly capture the hierarchical structure, failing to distinguish between node types, and they only assume a single tree. In practice, many networks contain a mixture of hierarchical and non-hierarchical structures, and the hierarchical relations may be represented as multiple trees with complex structures, such as sharing certain entities. In this work, we propose a new hyperbolic representation learning model that can handle complex hierarchical structures and also learn the representation of both hierarchical and non-hierarchic structures. We evaluate our model on several datasets, including identifying relevant articles for a systematic review, which is an essential tool for evidence-driven medicine and node classification.

To systematically synthesise the evidence on prevalence of perinatal post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).

Dementia is a progressive and debilitating disease, and people living with HIV (PLWH) often develop dementia much earlier than those not living with HIV. We estimated the incidence and prevalence of dementia and identified its key risk factors in a cohort of PLWH in British Columbia, Canada.

To assess the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and return on investment of individual placement and support (IPS) implemented through a reimbursement strategy on a nationwide scale compared with traditional vocational rehabilitation (TVR) regarding sustainable participation in competitive employment in individuals with severe mental illness receiving sickness or disability benefits.

A previous systematic review has shown associations between exposure to high temperatures and negative birth outcomes. To date, a scoping review for heat indices and their use to measure effects of heat on maternal and perinatal health has not been considered.

Snakebite envenoming (SBE) is a public health problem in Paraguay where the presence of 15 medically important snake species has been reported. Blessed with large forested areas, its economy largely relies on agricultural production which increases the exposure of outdoor workers to the morbidity and mortality of SBE. Lack of sufficient and accurate epidemiological data highlights the importance of drawing an updated picture of SBE burden in the country.

The dietary diversity score (DDS) of children is one of the indicators as part of infant and young child feeding practices. This study aimed to assess the level of DDS and its determinants among Ethiopian children aged 6-23 months.

Quality of care (QoC) remains a persistent challenge in countries with low Human Development Index scores (LHDIS) despite global efforts to promote universal health coverage. Addressing root causes and systematically implementing improvement interventions in LHDIS countries require a better understanding and use of QoC data. We aim to describe the data gaps and illustrate the state of quality in health services across a small set of countries. We demonstrate how we can leverage currently available, although imperfect, public data sources to compile quality metrics across multiple LHDIS countries.

State tobacco quitlines are the most commonly available smoking cessation programmes; however, they have low reach and typically only enrol people who are ready to quit in the next 30 days. Expanding quitline services may increase the total number of people engaged in tobacco control efforts and the number who eventually quit. In this randomised controlled trial, we offered both arms a tobacco quitline intervention. In arm 2, if they declined the quitline, we then offered a smoke-free home (SFH) intervention. We examined the number of participants who accepted each intervention offer at baseline and whether acceptance varied by participant characteristics.

There is lack of available data on the economic burden of wheezing episodes after severe respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. This study aimed to assess the cost incurred for wheezing episodes after a severe RSV infection in children from Argentina, considering both the public health system and societal perspectives.

The Ugandan Tiny Target programme is an example of an international vector control partnership that held specific capacity strengthening objectives in support of a disease elimination goal. Drawing on this experience, we sought to derive transferable lessons that may inform capacity strengthening approaches within other partnership-based vector control programmes.

Residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are especially vulnerable to acquiring healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Our systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the burden of HAIs, identified the most frequent HAIs and explored the impact of facility-level and surveillance methodological differences on HAI burden in LTCFs, as determined by point prevalence studies (PPS).

Due to the rising life expectancy in Western countries, the discussion about the increase in the retirement age is becoming more important. However, the prolongation of working lives cannot be implemented successfully without considering the health status of the (potential) employees. In this study, time trends in working life expectancy (WLE) free of widespread cardiovascular diseases (CVD) as well as the proportion of CVD-free working life years are reported.

To assess the impact of scaling up of kangaroo mother care (KMC) on neonatal mortality among babies born with birth weight <2000 g across an entire district in southern India.

In Ethiopia, a significant proportion of women who receive antenatal care (ANC) deliver at home. This study aims to investigate home delivery among pregnant women who receive ANC during pregnancy in Ethiopia. Increased coverage of ANC is advised to improve institutional delivery, which in turn prevents maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Ebolaviruses have the ability to infect a wide variety of species, with many African mammals potentially serving either as primary reservoirs or secondary amplifying hosts. Previous work has shown that frugivorous bats and primates are often associated with spillover and outbreaks. Yet the role that patterns of biodiversity, either of mammalian hosts or of common fruiting species such as Ficus (figs, fruit resources used by a wide variety of species), play in driving outbreak risk remains unclear. We investigated what factors most directly influence Ebolavirus outbreak risk in Sub-Saharan Africa by using a phylogenetically informed path analysis to compare a wide array of potential models (path diagrams) of spatial dynamics. We considered mammalian frugivore richness, cercopithecid and hominid primate richness, richness of pteropodid (fruit) bats, the spatial distribution of species that have tested positive for Ebolavirus antibodies in the wild, Ficus habitat suitability, and environmental conditions (mean annual and variability in temperature and rainfall). The proximate factors that most influenced whether a given host species range contained a site of a previous outbreak event were 1) habitat suitability for Ficus and 2) the diversity of cercopithecid primates. Frugivore richness overall (including bats, primates, and a few other mammals) and the richness of bats in the family Pteropodidae had a strong effect on which species tested positive for Ebolavirus antibodies, but did not influence outbreak risk directly in pathways explored. We interpret this as evidence that foraging around Ficus and frugivorous mammals (such as cercopithecid primates which are commonly hunted for food) play a prominent role in driving outbreaks into human communities, relative to other factors we considered which influence outbreak risk more indirectly.

Antibacterial hydrogels not only provide a better environment for skin wounds to avoid infection but also accelerate wound healing. Herein, chitosan modified by a quaternary ammonium salt (CQ), and hyaluronic acid grafted with methacrylate (HM) were designed and synthesized to prepare an injectable photo-crosslinking hydrogel for wound dressing with inherent antibacterial and photothermal properties. CQ and HM exhibited excellent biocompatibility, improved water retention, and antibacterial activity, illustrating vast potential as an antibacterial material in various applications. MXene, a type of 2D nanomaterial, has been widely researched due to its photothermal properties. The CQ and HM polymer precursor could be mixed with Mxene and then crosslinked with 395 nm UV radiation under mild conditions to form a 3D network structure CQ-HM/MXene hydrogel. This hydrogel displayed an appropriate swelling ratio, elastic modulus, photothermal property and excellent biocompatibility. The injectable property of the hydrogel allowed it to easily cover the wound. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that the injectable hydrogel had low cytotoxicity and excellent antibacterial properties, which could help promote wound healing. In summary, this novel CQ-HA/MXene hydrogel has the potential for application in skin wound healing due to inherent antibacterial activity and photothermal effect.