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Secondary damage after spinal cord injury (SCI) is characterized by a cascade of events including hemorrhage, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation which increase the lesion size which can influence the functional impairment. Thus, identifying specific mechanisms attributed to secondary injury is critical in minimizing tissue damage and improving neurological outcome. In this work, we are investigating the role of CCL3 (macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α, MIP-1α), a chemokine involved in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, which plays an important role in inflammatory conditions of the central and peripheral nervous system.
Secondary damage after spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs because of a sequence of events after the initial injury, including exacerbated inflammation that contributes to increased lesion size and poor locomotor recovery. Thus, mitigating secondary damage is critical to preserve neural tissue and improve neurologic outcome. In this work, we examined the therapeutic potential of a novel antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) with special chemical modifications [2'-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-arabinonucleic acid (FANA) ASO] for specifically inhibiting an inflammatory molecule in the injured spinal cord. The chemokine CCL3 plays a complex role in the activation and attraction of immune cells and is upregulated in the injured tissue after SCI. We used specific FANA ASO to inhibit CCL3 in a contusive mouse model of murine SCI. Our results show that self-delivering FANA ASO molecules targeting the chemokine CCL3 penetrate the spinal cord lesion site and suppress the expression of CCL3 transcripts. Furthermore, they reduce other proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1β after SCI. In summary, we demonstrate for the first time the potential of FANA ASO molecules to penetrate the spinal cord lesion site to specifically inhibit CCL3, reducing proinflammatory cytokines and improve functional recovery after SCI. This novel approach may be used in new treatment strategies for SCI and other pathologic conditions of the CNS.
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