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Total 959151 Results
| Label | Description | ILX | Version | Created CID | Modified Time | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fluticasone Propionate | Fluticasone propionate, a medium-potency synthetic corticosteroid, is used topically to relieve inflammatory and pruritic symptoms of dermatoses and psoriasis, intranasally to manage symptoms of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, and orally for the treatment of asthma. Pharmacology: Fluticasone propionate, a medium-potency synthetic corticosteroid, is used topically to relieve inflammatory and pruritic symptoms of dermatoses and psoriasis, intranasally to manage symptoms of allergic and non-allergic rhinitis, and orally for the treatment of asthma. Mechanism of action: Binds to the glucocorticoid receptor. Unbound corticosteroids cross the membranes of cells such as mast cells and eosinophils, binding with high affinity to glucocorticoid receptors (GR). The results include alteration of transcription and protein synthesis, a decreased release of leukocytic acid hydrolases, reduction in fibroblast proliferation, prevention of macrophage accumulation at inflamed sites, reduction of collagen deposition, interference with leukocyte adhesion to the capillary wall, reduction of capillary membrane permeability and subsequent edema, reduction of complement components, inhibition of histamine and kinin release, and interference with the formation of scar tissue. In the management of asthma, the glucocorticoid receptor complexes down-regulates proinflammatory mediators such as interleukin-(IL)-1, 3, and 5, and up-regulates anti-inflammatory mediators such as IkappaB (inhibitory molecule for nuclear factor kappaB1), IL-10, and IL-12. The antiinflammatory actions of corticosteroids are also thought to involve release of cytosolic phospholipase A2 which controls the biosynthesis of potent mediators of inflammation such as prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Adrenergic Agents. Anti-Allergic Agents. Anti-inflammatory Agents. Bronchodilator Agents. Dermatologic Agents | ILX:0104334 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Fluvastatin | Fluvastatin is a member of the drug class of statins, used to treat hypercholesterolemia and to prevent cardiovascular disease. Pharmacology: Fluvastatin, the first synthetically-prepared HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, is used as an antilipemic to lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels associated with primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia (Fredrickson types IIa and IIb) and to slow the progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease. Although similar to lovastatin, simvastatin, and pravastatin, Fluvastatin has a shorter half-life, no active metabolites, extensive protein binding, and minimal CSF penetration. Mechanism of action: Fluvastatin selectively and competitively inhibits the hepatic enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. As HMG-CoA reductase is responsible for converting HMG-CoA to mevalonate, this results in a decrease in mevalonate, a precursor of cholesterol, and a subsequent decrease in hepatic cholesterol levels and increase in uptake of LDL cholesterol. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anticholesteremic Agents. Antioxidants. Free Radical Scavengers. HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors. Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors | ILX:0104335 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Fluvoxamine | Fluvoxamine is an antidepressant which functions pharmacologically as a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor. Though it is in the same class as other SSRI drugs, it is most often used to treat obsessive-compulsive disorder.Fluvoxamine has been in use in clinical practice since 1983 and has a clinical trial database comprised of approximately 35,000 patients. It was launched in the US in December 1994 and in Japan in June 1999. As of the end of 1995, more than 10 million patients worldwide have been treated with fluvoxamine. Pharmacology: Fluvoxamine is one of a class of antidepressants known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is used to treat the depression associated with mood disorders. It is also used on occassion in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder and anxiety. The antidepressant, antiobsessive-compulsive, and antibulimic actions of Fluvoxamine are presumed to be linked to its inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin. In vitro studies show that Fluvoxamine is a potent and selective inhibitor of neuronal serotonin reuptake and has only very weak effects on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. Fluvoxamine has no significant affinity for adrenergic (alpha1, alpha2, beta), cholinergic, GABA, dopaminergic, histaminergic, serotonergic (5HT1A, 5HT1B, 5HT2), or benzodiazepine receptors; antagonism of such receptors has been hypothesized to be associated with various anticholinergic, sedative, and cardiovascular effects for other psychotropic drugs. The chronic administration of Fluvoxamine was found to downregulate brain norepinephrine receptors, as has been observed with other drugs effective in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Fluvoxamine does not inhibit monoamine oxidase. Mechanism of action: The antidepressant, antiobsessive-compulsive, and antibulimic actions of Fluvoxamine are presumed to be linked to its inhibition of CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin. Fluvoxamine blocks the reuptake of serotonin at the serotonin reuptake pump of the neuronal membrane, enhancing the actions of serotonin on 5HT1A autoreceptors. SSRIs bind with significantly less affinity to histamine, acetylcholine, and norepinephrine receptors than tricyclic antidepressant drugs. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anti-anxiety Agents. Antidepressive Agents. Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs). Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors | ILX:0104336 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Flux | A physical quality that exists by virtue of the rate of flow of energy or particles across a given surface. | ILX:0104337 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| FM4-64 | An organic bromide salt that has formula C34H53Br2N3 (CHEBI); a lipophilic styryl dye; a vital stain for the vacuolar membrane (MESH) | ILX:0104338 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| FMRI beta | ILX:0104339 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Focal Distance | Focal distance, in mm. A value of 0 means infinite distance for parallel collimation. | ILX:0104340 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Focus Depth | The depth, from the transducer face, of the manufacturer defined beam focus used for the image, in cm. | ILX:0104341 | 4 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Folded | A shape in which one part of the bearer object is layered over another connected part. | ILX:0104342 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Foliate papilla | Any of the papillae located on the sides of the tongue | ILX:0104343 | 10 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/23/2020 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Folic Acid | A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (poaceae). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia. (PubChem) Pharmacology: Folic acid, a water-soluble B-complex vitamin, is found in foods such as liver, kidneys, yeast, and leafy, green vegetables. Folic acid is used to diagnose folate deficiency and to treat topical sprue and megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias, hematologic complications resulting from a deficiency in folic acid. Mechanism of action: Folic acid, as it is biochemically inactive, is converted to tetrahydrofolic acid and methyltetrahydrofolate by dihydrofolate reductase. These folic acid congeners are transported across cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis where they are needed to maintain normal erythropoiesis, synthesize purine and thymidylate nucleic acids, interconvert amino acids, methylate tRNA, and generate and use formate. Using vitamin B12 as a cofactor, folic acid can normalize high homocysteine levels by remethylation of homocysteine to methionine via methionine synthetase. Drug type: Approved. Nutraceutical. Small Molecule. Drug category: Dietary supplement. Hematinics. Micronutrient. Vitamin B Complex | ILX:0104344 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Folium-tuber vermis (VII) of ABA 2009 | ILX:0104345 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Follicle-stimulating hormone | ILX:0104346 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex | |
| Follitropin beta | Human follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) preparation of recombinant DNA origin, which consists of two non-covalently linked, non-identical glycoproteins designated as the alpha- and beta- subunits. The alpha- and beta- subunits have 92 and 111 amino acids. Pharmacology: Used for the treatment of female infertility, Follitropin beta or follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates ovarian follicular growth in women who do not have primary ovarian failure. FSH, the active component of Follitropin beta is the primary hormone responsible for follicular recruitment and development. Mechanism of action: FSH binds to the follicle stimulating hormone receptor which is a G-coupled transmembrane receptor. Binding of the FSH to its receptor seems to induce phosphorylation and activation of the PI3K (Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase) and Akt signaling pathway, which is known to regulate many other metabolic and related survival/maturation functions in cells. Drug type: Approved. Biotech. Drug category: Fertility Agents | ILX:0104347 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Fomepizole | Fomepizole is used as an antidote in confirmed or suspected methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning. Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the initial steps in the metabolism of ethylene glycol and methanol to their toxic metabolites. Pharmacology: Fomepizole is a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the initial steps in the metabolism of ethylene glycol and methanol to their toxic metabolites. Ethylene glycol is first metabolized to glycoaldehyde which then undergoes further oxidation to glycolate, glyoxylate, and oxalate. It is glycolate and oxalate that are primarily responsible for the metabolic acidosis and renal damage that are seen in ethylene glycol poisoning. 0103 Methanol is first metabolized to formaldehyde and then undergoes subsequent oxidation via formaldehyde dehydrogenase to become formic acid. It is formic acid that is primarily responsible for the metabolic acidosis and visual disturbances that are associated with methanol poisoning. Mechanism of action: Antizol (fomepizole) is a competitive inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase. Alcohol dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of ethanol to acetaldehyde. Alcohol dehydrogenase also catalyzes the initial steps in the metabolism of ethylene glycol and methanol to their toxic metabolites. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Antidotes | ILX:0104348 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Fondaparinux sodium | Fondaparinux (Arixtra) is an anticoagulant medication. It contains a synthetic pentasaccharide. Apart from the O-methyl group at the reducing end of the molecule, the identity and sequence of the five monomeric sugar units contained in Fondaparinux is identical to a sequence of five monomeric sugar units that can be isolated after either chemical or enzymatic cleavage of the polymeric glycosaminoglycans heparin and heparan sulfate (HS). Within heparin and heparan sulfate this monomeric sequence is thought to form the high affinity binding site for the anti-coagulant factor antithrombin III (ATIII). Binding of heparin/HS to ATIII has been shown to increase the anti-coagulant activity of antithrombin III 1000 fold. Clinically, fondaparinux is used for the prevention of deep vein thrombosis in patients who have had orthopedic surgery as well as for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Pharmacology: Fondaparinux is a synthetic and specific inhibitor of activated Factor X (Xa) indicated for the prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis, which may lead to pulmonary embolism. Fondaparinux is also indicated for the treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis when administered in conjunction with warfarin, and the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism when administered in conjunction with warfarin. Fondaparinux does not inactivate thrombin (activated Factor II) and has no known effect on platelet function. At the recommended dose, Fondaparinux does not affect fibrinolytic activity or bleeding time. Mechanism of action: The antithrombotic activity of Fondaparinux is the result of antithrombin III (ATIII)-mediated selective inhibition of Factor Xa. By selectively binding to ATIII, Fondaparinux potentiates (about 300 times) the innate neutralization of Factor Xa by ATIII. Neutralization of Factor Xa interrupts the blood coagulation cascade and thus inhibits thrombin formation and thrombus development. Drug type: Approved. Investigational. Small Molecule. Drug category: Anticoagulants. Antithrombotics | ILX:0104349 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Forasartan | Forasartan, a specific angiotensin II antagonist, is used alone or with other antihypertensive agents to treat hypertension. Forasartan competes with angiotensin II for binding at the AT1 receptor subtype. As angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor which also stimulates the synthesis and release of aldosterone, blockage of its effects results in a decreases in systemic vascular resistance. Pharmacology: Forasartan, a specific angiotensin II antagonist, is used alone or with other antihypertensive agents to treat hypertension. Mechanism of action: Forasartan competes with angiotensin II for binding at the AT1 receptor subtype. As angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor which also stimulates the synthesis and release of aldosterone, blockage of its effects results in a decreases in systemic vascular resistance. Drug type: Approved. Small Molecule. Drug category: Angiotensin II Receptor Antagonists. Antihypertensive Agents | ILX:0104350 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Force | A physical quality inhering in an object affecting its acceleration. | ILX:0104351 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Force Transducers | Instruments that transduce force into electrical signals. | ILX:0104352 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
| Forced swimming paradigm | A paradigm where an animal is forced to swim in a cylinder filled with water, and from which it cannot escape, for a period of time long enough to induce stress. | ILX:0104353 | 3 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | 06/18/2018 | FDI Lab - SciCrunch.org | term | 12/08/2016 | 0 | NeuroLex | NeuroLex |
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