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Human Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma Patient-Derived Xenografts and Tumoroids for Preclinical Drug Evaluation.

Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research | 2023

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is usually diagnosed at advanced stages, with limited therapeutic options. Preclinical models focused on unresectable metastatic CCA are necessary to develop rational treatments. Pathogenic mutations in IDH1/2, ARID1A/B, BAP1, and BRCA1/2 have been identified in 30%-50% of patients with CCA. Several types of tumor cells harboring these mutations exhibit homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) phenotype with enhanced sensitivity to PARP inhibitors (PARPi). However, PARPi treatment has not yet been tested for effectiveness in patient-derived models of advanced CCA.

Pubmed ID: 36374558 RIS Download

Associated grants

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


GATK (tool)

RRID:SCR_001876

A software package to analyze next-generation resequencing data. The toolkit offers a wide variety of tools, with a primary focus on variant discovery and genotyping as well as strong emphasis on data quality assurance. Its robust architecture, powerful processing engine and high-performance computing features make it capable of taking on projects of any size. This software library makes writing efficient analysis tools using next-generation sequencing data very easy, and second it's a suite of tools for working with human medical resequencing projects such as 1000 Genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas. These tools include things like a depth of coverage analyzers, a quality score recalibrator, a SNP/indel caller and a local realigner. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)

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SAMTOOLS (tool)

RRID:SCR_002105

Original SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.

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Novus Biologicals (tool)

RRID:SCR_004286

Commercial antibody vendor which supplies antibodies and other products to life science researchers.

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Cell Signaling Technology (tool)

RRID:SCR_004431

Privately held company that develops and produces antibodies, ELISA kits, ChIP kits, proteomic kits, and other related reagents used to study cell signaling pathways that impact human health.

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NCBI BioProject (tool)

RRID:SCR_004801

Database of biological data related to a single initiative, originating from a single organization or from a consortium. A BioProject record provides users a single place to find links to the diverse data types generated for that project. It is a searchable collection of complete and incomplete (in-progress) large-scale sequencing, assembly, annotation, and mapping projects for cellular organisms. Submissions are supported by a web-based Submission Portal. The database facilitates organization and classification of project data submitted to NCBI, EBI and DDBJ databases that captures descriptive information about research projects that result in high volume submissions to archival databases, ties together related data across multiple archives and serves as a central portal by which to inform users of data availability. BioProject records link to corresponding data stored in archival repositories. The BioProject resource is a redesigned, expanded, replacement of the NCBI Genome Project resource. The redesign adds tracking of several data elements including more precise information about a project''''s scope, material, and objectives. Genome Project identifiers are retained in the BioProject as the ID value for a record, and an Accession number has been added. Database content is exchanged with other members of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). BioProject is accessible via FTP.

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Picard (tool)

RRID:SCR_006525

Java toolset for working with next generation sequencing data in the BAM format.

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Promega (tool)

RRID:SCR_006724

An Antibody supplier

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SciPy (tool)

RRID:SCR_008058

A Python-based environment of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering. The core packages of SciPy include: NumPy, a base N-dimensional array package; SciPy Library, a fundamental library for scientific computing; and IPython, an enhanced interactive console.

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Millipore (tool)

RRID:SCR_008983

An Antibody supplier

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Proteintech Group (tool)

RRID:SCR_008986

Proteintech Europe Ltd is an ISO 9001:2008 certified company

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Abcam (tool)

RRID:SCR_012931

A commercial antibody supplier which supplies primary and secondary antibodies, biochemicals, proteins, peptides, lysates, immunoassays and other kits.

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Geminin antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2110945

This polyclonal targets Geminin

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Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175) Antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2341188

This polyclonal targets Cleaved Caspase-3 (Asp175)

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Hepatocyte Specific Antigen Antibody (HepPar1) (antibody)

RRID:AB_2909615

This monoclonal targets Hepatocyte Specific Antigen

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Anti-KRT19 antibody produced in rabbit (antibody)

RRID:AB_1079179

This polyclonal targets KRT19 antibody produced in rabbit

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Anti-Rad51 antibody (antibody)

RRID:AB_2722613

This monoclonal targets Rad51

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cBioPortal (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_014555

A portal that provides visualization, analysis and download of large-scale cancer genomics data sets.

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OncoKB (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_014782

Precision oncology knowledge base which contains information about the effects and treatment implications of specific cancer gene alterations. OncoKB contains detailed information about specific alterations in 418 cancer genes. Each variant entry contains biological effect, prevalence, prognostic information, and treatment implications. Information is curated from various sources, such as guidelines from the FDA, ClinicalTrials.gov, and scientific literature by a network of clinical fellows, research fellows, and faculty members at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

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GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.

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IPython (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001658

A web-based interactive computational environment where you can combine code execution, text, mathematics, plots and rich media into a single document. It offers a comprehensive library on top of which more sophisticated systems can be built. The project provides an enhanced interactive environment that includes support for data visualization and facilities for distributed and parallel computation.

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ClinVar (data repository)

RRID:SCR_006169

Archive of aggregated information about sequence variation and its relationship to human health. Provides reports of relationships among human variations and phenotypes along with supporting evidence. Submissions from clinical testing labs, research labs, locus-specific databases, expert panels and professional societies are welcome. Collects reports of variants found in patient samples, assertions made regarding their clinical significance, information about submitter, and other supporting data. Alleles described in submissions are mapped to reference sequences, and reported according to HGVS standard.

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COSMIC - Catalogue Of Somatic Mutations In Cancer (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_002260

Database to store and display somatic mutation information and related details and contains information relating to human cancers. The mutation data and associated information is extracted from the primary literature. In order to provide a consistent view of the data a histology and tissue ontology has been created and all mutations are mapped to a single version of each gene. The data can be queried by tissue, histology or gene and displayed as a graph, as a table or exported in various formats.
Some key features of COSMIC are:
* Contains information on publications, samples and mutations. Includes samples which have been found to be negative for mutations during screening therefore enabling frequency data to be calculated for mutations in different genes in different cancer types.
* Samples entered include benign neoplasms and other benign proliferations, in situ and invasive tumours, recurrences, metastases and cancer cell lines.

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Prkdcscid/Prkdcscid (organism)

RRID:MGI:3760616

Allele Detail: Spontaneous This is a legacy resource.

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