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Nascent Transcript Folding Plays a Major Role in Determining RNA Polymerase Elongation Rates.

Molecular cell | 2020

Transcription elongation rates influence RNA processing, but sequence-specific regulation is poorly understood. We addressed this in vivo, analyzing RNAPI in S. cerevisiae. Mapping RNAPI by Miller chromatin spreads or UV crosslinking revealed 5' enrichment and strikingly uneven local polymerase occupancy along the rDNA, indicating substantial variation in transcription speed. Two features of the nascent transcript correlated with RNAPI distribution: folding energy and GC content in the transcription bubble. In vitro experiments confirmed that strong RNA structures close to the polymerase promote forward translocation and limit backtracking, whereas high GC in the transcription bubble slows elongation. A mathematical model for RNAPI elongation confirmed the importance of nascent RNA folding in transcription. RNAPI from S. pombe was similarly sensitive to transcript folding, as were S. cerevisiae RNAPII and RNAPIII. For RNAPII, unstructured RNA, which favors slowed elongation, was associated with faster cotranscriptional splicing and proximal splice site use, indicating regulatory significance for transcript folding.

Pubmed ID: 32585128 RIS Download

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


SGD (tool)

RRID:SCR_004694

A curated database that provides comprehensive integrated biological information for Saccharomyces cerevisiae along with search and analysis tools to explore these data. SGD allows researchers to discover functional relationships between sequence and gene products in fungi and higher organisms. The SGD also maintains the S. cerevisiae Gene Name Registry, a complete list of all gene names used in S. cerevisiae which includes a set of general guidelines to gene naming. Protein Page provides basic protein information calculated from the predicted sequence and contains links to a variety of secondary structure and tertiary structure resources. Yeast Biochemical Pathways allows users to view and search for biochemical reactions and pathways that occur in S. cerevisiae as well as map expression data onto the biochemical pathways. Literature citations are provided where available.

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FASTX-Toolkit (tool)

RRID:SCR_005534

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RRID:SCR_005622

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RRID:SCR_006724

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SciPy (tool)

RRID:SCR_008058

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QIAGEN (tool)

RRID:SCR_008539

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MatPlotLib (tool)

RRID:SCR_008624

Python 2D plotting library which produces publication quality figures in variety of hardcopy formats and interactive environments across platforms. Used in python scripts, web application servers, and six graphical user interface toolkits. Used to generate plots, histograms, power spectra, bar charts, error charts, scatter plots.

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NumPy (tool)

RRID:SCR_008633

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RRID:SCR_014583

Quality control software that perform checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. This software also provides a modular set of analyses which can give a quick impression of the quality of the data prior to further analysis.

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RRID:SCR_016366

Python based tools to process, visualize and analyse high-throughput sequencing data, such as ChIP-seq, RNA-seq or MNase-seq. Implemented within Galaxy framework. Used to perform complete bioinformatic workflows ranging from quality controls and normalizations of aligned reads to integrative analyses, including clustering and visualization approaches.

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RRID:SCR_002750

A free reference manager and academic social network to organize your research, collaborate with others online, and discover the latest research. Automatically generate bibliographies, Collaborate easily with other researchers online, Easily import papers from other research software, Find relevant papers based on what you're reading, Access your papers from anywhere online, Read papers on the go with the iPhone app. The software, Mendeley Desktop, offers: * Automatic extraction of document details * Efficient management of your papers * Sharing and synchronization of your library (or parts of it) * Additional features: A plug-in for citing your articles in Microsoft Word, OCR (image-to-text conversion, so you can full-text search all your scanned PDFs), etc The website, Mendeley Web, complements Mendeley Desktop by offering these features: * An online back up of your library * Statistics of all things interesting * A research network that allows you to keep track of your colleagues' publications, conference participations, awards etc * A recommendation engine for papers that might interest you

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RRID:AB_10709700

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RRID:SCR_001360

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RRID:SCR_014818

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RRID:SCR_011793

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BEDTools (software resource)

RRID:SCR_006646

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GraphPad Prism (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002798

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SAMTOOLS (software resource)

RRID:SCR_002105

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