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In most animals, a small number of descending neurons (DNs) connect the brain to circuits and motor neurons (MNs) in the nerve cord. To understand how brain signals generate behavior, it is critical to understand the organization of the neural pathways linking DNs to MNs. In companion papers, we introduced a densely reconstructed connectome of the Drosophila Male Adult Nerve Cord (MANC; Takemura et al., 2024), including cell types and developmental lineages (Marin et al., 2024), which provides complete connectivity of the ventral nerve cord (VNC) at synaptic resolution. Here, we present a first look at the organization of the networks connecting DNs to MNs. We first proofread and curated all DNs and MNs, then systematically matched their morphology to light microscopy data. We report both broad organizational patterns of the entire network and fine-scale analysis of selected circuits of interest. We discover that direct DN-MN connections are infrequent and identify neuron communities putatively linked to control of different motor systems, including walking, flight steering and power generation, and coordinated action of wings and legs. Our analyses generate hypotheses for future functional experiments and empowers others to investigate these and other circuits of the VNC in richer mechanistic detail.
Pubmed ID: 42474298
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This unknown targets GFP
View all literature mentionsThis unknown targets GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEIN
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Bruchpilot
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal secondary targets IgG (H+L)
View all literature mentionsAn open community platform for bioimage informatics providing the software resources to visualize, annotate and quantify bioimaging data. To bridge the gap between developers and users, it combines: a) an open-source image analysis software, offering a powerful and flexible environment for developers such as applied mathematicians to write algorithms fast and efficiently; b) a common set of tools to view and manipulate data, and a set of plugins to perform specific quantification or analysis on images; c) a community-based website centralizing all plugins and resources to facilitate their management and maximize their visibility towards users. Workspaces are virtual groups of plugins dedicated to a specific application or image processing domain. By downloading a workspace, ICY automatically installs all corresponding plugins. The workspaces are enabled, but the editing section is not ready yet. If you want to publish a plugin on this website, its code has to be GPL. Source code is available and provided in each application download.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R69C11-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R81D05-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT050112-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{w[+mC]=2xTb[1]-RFP}CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT046828-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT049978-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT050669-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT025392-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT057247-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R17A04-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R68A06-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT064490-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R69C11-GAL4.DBD}attP2/TM6B, Tb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT029814-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{2xTb[1]-RFP}CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT047755-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsProgramming language for all operating systems that lets users work more quickly and integrate their systems more effectively. Often compared to Tcl, Perl, Ruby, Scheme or Java. Some of its key distinguishing features include very clear and readable syntax, strong introspection capabilities, intuitive object orientation, natural expression of procedural code, full modularity, exception-based error handling, high level dynamic data types, extensive standard libraries and third party modules for virtually every task, extensions and modules easily written in C, C (or Java for Python, or .NET languages for IronPython), and embeddable within applications as a scripting interface.
View all literature mentionsSoftware platform for complex network analysis and visualization. Used for visualization of molecular interaction networks and biological pathways and integrating these networks with annotations, gene expression profiles and other state data.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT063736-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R24A03-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R47H03-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R59F08-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R11B03-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{w[+mC]=2xTb[1]-RFP}CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT008534-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT043662-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT047418-GAL4.DBD}attP2/TM6B, Tb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT027175-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R83B06-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R59A06-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R64B11-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R85F12-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT034404-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R61A01-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R13B05-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT001615-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT043132-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R13D04-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{2xTb[1]-RFP}CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R65D05-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R21F01-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R22D06-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R14F03-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT002081-GAL4.DBD}attP2/TM6B, Tb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsSoftware environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT032898-p65.AD}attP40/CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT048835-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT017683-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT031084-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT047755-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R47D05-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT004985-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT017928-GAL4.DBD}attP2/TM6B, Tb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT023490-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{2xTb[1]-RFP}CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R80H02-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R22C05-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R56G08-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT032900-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT043145-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R38H06-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R65D06-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsBlender is the free open source 3D content creation suite, available for all major operating systems under the GNU General Public License. Because of the overwhelming success of the first open movie project, Ton Roosendaal, the Blender Foundation''s chairman, has established the Blender Institute. This now is the permanent office and studio to more efficiently organize the Blender Foundation goals, but especially to coordinate and facilitate Open Projects related to 3D movies, games or visual effects.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R20C03-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R23C07-GAL4.DBD}attP2/TM6B, Tb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT019060-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT003280-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R91B01-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R22A07-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R88F03-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT009857-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R21C05-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R28E01-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package as distribution of ImageJ and ImageJ2 together with Java, Java3D and plugins organized into coherent menu structure. Used to assist research in life sciences.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R75C10-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT020122-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R23C02-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT024643-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for image processing, analysis, and editing. The software includes features such as touch capabilities, a customizable toolbar, 2D and 3D image merging, and Cloud access and options.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT012639-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT034795-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R53D12-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT018689-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R14F03-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R24C07-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT019391-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT028198-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R75C10-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R87D07-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R21F05-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{2xTb[1]-RFP}CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R21H11-GAL4.DBD}attP2/TM6B, Tb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT023490-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R38F04-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R38H06-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT018689-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT019018-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT017411-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT049749-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT013121-GAL4.DBD}attP2/TM6B, Tb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT010664-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{w[+mC]=2xTb[1]-RFP}CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R91A11-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R30C12-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R22D06-GAL4.DBD}attP2/TM6B, Tb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R29B04-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT025957-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT013121-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{2xTb[1]-RFP}CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R45H03-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R32A04-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT033636-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=R42B02-p65.AD}attP40; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT039465-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT057470-p65.AD}attP40/CyO, P{2xTb[1]-RFP}CyO; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=VT033947-GAL4.DBD}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentions