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Kinase-mediated phosphorylation is crucial for thermal adaptation. While extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling is well characterized in model organisms, its functional divergence and genetic regulation in marine species with distinct thermal adaptations remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the genetic basis of differential ERK activation under heat stress using two oyster subspecies from distinct thermal niches: Crassostrea gigas and Crassostrea angulata. Combining ERK inhibition assays with heat stress treatments, followed by proteomic and phosphoproteomic profiling, we constructed a heat-responsive ERK network and identified that ERK phosphorylates ATP-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase (PFK) at Thr775, enhancing its enzymatic activity and glycolytic capacity. Genome-wide association analysis further revealed that a synonymous mutation in the leucine-rich repeat protein SHOC2 drives divergent ERK phosphorylation patterns between the two subspecies by altering RNA structure and expression. Our findings demonstrated that the heat-responsive SHOC2-BRAF-ERK-PFK cascade exhibits stronger activation in thermotolerant species, enabling marine ectotherms to fine-tune metabolic responses to temperature variation. This study serves as an experimental case elucidating how genetic variations shape thermal adaptation divergence through phosphorylation-mediated regulation, thereby providing a molecular framework for adaptive mechanisms of climate variability.
Pubmed ID: 42010022
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Open source whole genome association analysis toolset, designed to perform range of basic, large scale analyses in computationally efficient manner. Used for analysis of genotype/phenotype data. Through integration with gPLINK and Haploview, there is some support for subsequent visualization, annotation and storage of results. PLINK 1.9 is improved and second generation of the software.
View all literature mentionsDatabase of human genes that provides concise genomic, proteomic, transcriptomic, genetic and functional information on all known and predicted human genes. Information featured in GeneCards includes orthologies, disease relationships, mutations and SNPs, gene expression, gene function, pathways, protein-protein interactions, related drugs and compounds and direct links to cutting edge research reagents and tools such as antibodies, recombinant proteins, clones, expression assays and RNAi reagents.
View all literature mentionsComputable knowledge regarding functions of genes and gene products. GO resources include biomedical ontologies that cover molecular domains of all life forms as well as extensive compilations of gene product annotations to these ontologies that provide largely species-neutral, comprehensive statements about what gene products do. Used to standardize representation of gene and gene product attributes across species and databases.
View all literature mentionsA free program for multiple sequence alignment editing, visualisation and analysis that is available in two forms: a lightweight Java applet for use in web applications, and a powerful desktop application that employs web services for sequence alignment, secondary structure prediction and the retrieval of alignments, sequences, annotation and structures from public databases and any DAS 1.53 compliant sequence or annotation server. Use it to view and edit sequence alignments, analyse them with phylogenetic trees and principal components analysis (PCA) plots and explore molecular structures and annotation. Jalview has built in DNA, RNA and protein sequence and structure visualisation and analysis capabilities. It uses Jmol to view 3D structures, and VARNA to display RNA secondary structure.
View all literature mentionsIntegrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.
View all literature mentionsSoftware R package for statistical analysis and visualization of functional profiles for genes and gene clusters.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for multiple nucleotide sequence alignment. Probabilistic multiple alignment program for DNA, codon and amino acid sequences. Uses phylogenetic information to distinguish alignment gaps caused by insertions or deletions and, thereafter, handles two types of events differently.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool designed to simplify Multivariate analysis (correspondence analysis) of codon and amino acid usage. It also calculates standard indices of codon usage.
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