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Human receptive endometrial assembloid for deciphering the implantation window.

Yu Zhang | Rusong Zhao | Chaoyan Yang | Jinzhu Song | Peishu Liu | Yan Li | Boyang Liu | Tao Li | Changjian Yin | Minghui Lu | Zhenzhen Hou | Chuanxin Zhang | Zi-Jiang Chen | Keliang Wu | Han Zhao
eLife | 2026

Human endometrial receptivity is a critical determinant of pregnancy success; however, in vivo studies of its features and regulation are particularly challenging due to ethical restrictions. Recently, the development of human endometrial assembloids has provided a powerful model to investigate this intricate biological process. In this study, we established a specialized human window-of-implantation (WOI) endometrial assembloid system that mimics the in vivo receptive endometrium. It not only reproduces the structural attributes of pinopodes and cilia, but also molecular characteristics of mid-secretory endometrium. Furthermore, the WOI endometrial assembloid exhibits hormone responsiveness, an energy metabolism profile characterized by larger and functionally enhanced mitochondria, increased ciliary assembly and motility, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as promising potential for embryo implantation. As such, WOI assembloids hold great promise as a platform to unravel the intricate mechanisms governing the regulation of endometrial receptivity, maternal-fetal interactions, and associated pathologies, ultimately driving impactful advancements in the field.

Pubmed ID: 41920166

Research resources used in this publication

None found

Antibodies used in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: National Natural Science Foundation of China,
    Id: 82192874
  • Agency: National Key Research and Development Program of China,
    Id: 2023YFA1801803
  • Agency: Excellence Research Group Program of NSFC,
    Id: 32588201
  • Agency: Key Research and Development Program of Shandong Province,
    Id: 2024CXPT081
  • Agency: Fundamental Research funds of Shandong University Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,
    Id: ts20190988
  • Agency: Fundamental Research funds of Shandong University Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province,
    Id: tsqn201909194
  • Agency: CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences,
    Id: 2021-I2M-5-001
  • Agency: National Natural Science Foundation of China,
    Id: 82502017
  • Agency: Fundamental Research Fund of Shandong University,
    Id: 2023QNTD004

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Imaris (tool)

RRID:SCR_007370

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National Natural Science Foundation of China (tool)

RRID:SCR_011448

The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is an organization directly affiliated to the State Council for the management of the National Natural Science Fund. # In accordance with the guiding principles, policies and plans for the development of science and technology in China and by adopting the operating mechanisms for the National Natural Science Fund which conform to the socialism market economic system, NSFC supports basic research and some of applied research, identifies and fosters talented researchers in the realm of science and technology, accelerates the progress of science and technology, and promotes the socioeconomic development in China by giving full play the guidance and coordinating role of the National Natural Science Fund from the central government. # NSFC is in charge of the management of the National Natural Science Fund. It compiles and promulgates the annual Guide to Programs for basic research and some of applied research, handles applications of research projects, and organizes peer review and select the best projects to support. It endeavors to create an academic environment conducive to innovation. # NSFC cooperates with the Ministry of Science and Technology to formulate the principles, policies and plans for the development of basic research in China. When entrusted, it provides consultation and undertakes related assignments on major issues for the development of high technology and applied research in China. # NSFC gives help and support to other Chinese foundations in natural sciences. # NSFC establishes contacts with governmental departments in charge of science and technology, science foundations and related academic organizations in other countries and carries out international cooperation and exchange. # NSFC is responsible for the administration, supervision and guidance of the subordinated bodies. # NSFC undertakes other tasks entrusted by the State Council and the State Leading Group for Science and Technology and Education.

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