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Sepsis causes millions of deaths per year worldwide and is a current global health priority declared by the WHO. Sepsis-related deaths are a result of dysregulated inflammatory immune responses indicating the need to develop strategies to target inflammation. An important mediator of inflammation is extracellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that is released by inflamed host cells and tissues, and also by bacteria in a strain-specific and growth-dependent manner. Here, we investigated the mechanisms by which bacteria release ATP. Using genetic mutant strains of Escherichia coli (E. coli), we demonstrate that ATP release is dependent on ATP synthase within the inner bacterial membrane. In addition, impaired integrity of the outer bacterial membrane notably contributes to ATP release and is associated with bacterial death. In a mouse model of abdominal sepsis, local effects of bacterial ATP were analyzed using a transformed E. coli bearing an arabinose-inducible periplasmic apyrase hydrolyzing ATP to be released. Abrogating bacterial ATP release shows that bacterial ATP suppresses local immune responses, resulting in reduced neutrophil counts and impaired survival. In addition, bacterial ATP has systemic effects via its transport in outer membrane vesicles (OMV). ATP-loaded OMV are quickly distributed throughout the body and upregulated expression of genes activating degranulation in neutrophils, potentially contributing to the exacerbation of sepsis severity. This study reveals mechanisms of bacterial ATP release and its local and systemic roles in sepsis pathogenesis.
Pubmed ID: 39163101
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THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 5,2022.Tool that predicts interactions between transcription factors and their regulated genes from binding motifs. Understanding vertebrate development requires unraveling the cis-regulatory architecture of gene regulation. PRISM provides accurate genome-wide computational predictions of transcription factor binding sites for the human and mouse genomes, and integrates the predictions with GREAT to provide functional biological context. Together, accurate computational binding site prediction and GREAT produce for each transcription factor: 1. putative binding sites, 2. putative target genes, 3. putative biological roles of the transcription factor, and 4. putative cis-regulatory elements through which the factor regulates each target in each functional role.
View all literature mentionsCommercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for single-cell flow cytometry analysis. Its functions include management, display, manipulation, analysis and publication of the data stream produced by flow and mass cytometers.
View all literature mentionsAn Organization portal, Antibody supplier, Service resource,
View all literature mentionsAmerican chemical, life science and biotechnology company owned by Merck KGaA. Merger of Sigma Chemical Company and Aldrich Chemical Company. Provides organic and inorganic chemicals, building blocks, reagents, advanced materials and stable isotopes for chemical synthesis, medicinal chemistry and materials science, antibiotics, buffers, carbohydrates, enzymes, forensic tools, hematology and histology, nucleotides, proteins, peptides, amino acids and their derivatives.
View all literature mentionsIntegrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.
View all literature mentionsA read summarization program, which counts mapped reads for the genomic features such as genes and exons.
View all literature mentionsWeb tool for graphical illustrations for biological systems by BioRender. Used for articles and presentations. Collection of pre made icons and templates from life science fields for scientific illustrations. Customized icons possible on request.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets FcepsilonRIalpha
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets IgG
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets rabbit FtsZ
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View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD45
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CX3CR1
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Ly-6C
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Ly-6G
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets I-A/I-E
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD3
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets NK-1.1
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Ly-6G
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Ly-6C
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD11b
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD192
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD11c
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD170 (Siglec F)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD16/32
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD206
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for differential gene expression analysis based on the negative binomial distribution. Used for analyzing RNA-seq data for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates.
View all literature mentionsOrdination methods, diversity analysis and other functions for community and vegetation ecologists.
View all literature mentionsSoftware performing alignment of high-throughput RNA-seq data. Aligns RNA-seq reads to reference genome using uncompressed suffix arrays.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD45
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to provide fast all in one preprocessing for FastQ files. Developed in C++ with multithreading supported to afford high performance. Performs quality control, adapter trimming, quality filtering, per read quality pruning and many other operations with a single scan of the FASTQ data.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD19
View all literature mentionsSoftware package which brings to R color scales. Created for the Python matplotlib library.
View all literature mentionsOpen source software package for statistical programming language R to create plots based on grammar of graphics. Used for data visualization to break up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD45
View all literature mentionsSoftware environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to provide fast all in one preprocessing for FastQ files. Developed in C++ with multithreading supported to afford high performance. Performs quality control, adapter trimming, quality filtering, per read quality pruning and many other operations with a single scan of the FASTQ data.
View all literature mentionsSoftware performing alignment of high-throughput RNA-seq data. Aligns RNA-seq reads to reference genome using uncompressed suffix arrays.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Ly-6G
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets FcepsilonRIalpha
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD11b
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for high-performance read alignment, quantification and mutation discovery.General purpose read aligner which can be used to map both genomic DNA-seq reads and RNA-seq reads. Subread aligner as fast, accurate and scalable read mapping by seed-and-vote.These programs were also implemented in Bioconductor R package Rsubread.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package which brings to R color scales. Created for the Python matplotlib library.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for high-performance read alignment, quantification and mutation discovery.General purpose read aligner which can be used to map both genomic DNA-seq reads and RNA-seq reads. Subread aligner as fast, accurate and scalable read mapping by seed-and-vote.These programs were also implemented in Bioconductor R package Rsubread.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CX3CR1
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for differential gene expression analysis based on the negative binomial distribution. Used for analyzing RNA-seq data for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates.
View all literature mentionsOpen source software package for statistical programming language R to create plots based on grammar of graphics. Used for data visualization to break up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Ly-6C
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD3
View all literature mentionsSoftware environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Ly-6G
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD192
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD11c
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets IgG
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD115
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets I-A/I-E
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets NK-1.1
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets Ly-6C
View all literature mentionsThis polyclonal targets rabbit FtsZ
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD170 (Siglec F)
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD206
View all literature mentionsThis monoclonal targets CD16/32
View all literature mentionsOrdination methods, diversity analysis and other functions for community and vegetation ecologists.
View all literature mentions