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Rapid eye movement sleep (REMs) is characterized by activated electroencephalogram (EEG) and muscle atonia, accompanied by vivid dreams. REMs is homeostatically regulated, ensuring that any loss of REMs is compensated by a subsequent increase in its amount. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the homeostatic control of REMs are largely unknown. Here, we show that GABAergic neurons in the preoptic area of the hypothalamus projecting to the tuberomammillary nucleus (POAGAD2→TMN neurons) are crucial for the homeostatic regulation of REMs in mice. POAGAD2→TMN neurons are most active during REMs, and inhibiting them specifically decreases REMs. REMs restriction leads to an increased number and amplitude of calcium transients in POAGAD2→TMN neurons, reflecting the accumulation of REMs pressure. Inhibiting POAGAD2→TMN neurons during REMs restriction blocked the subsequent rebound of REMs. Our findings reveal a hypothalamic circuit whose activity mirrors the buildup of homeostatic REMs pressure during restriction and that is required for the ensuing rebound in REMs.
Pubmed ID: 38884573
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View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on May 5,2022.Tool that predicts interactions between transcription factors and their regulated genes from binding motifs. Understanding vertebrate development requires unraveling the cis-regulatory architecture of gene regulation. PRISM provides accurate genome-wide computational predictions of transcription factor binding sites for the human and mouse genomes, and integrates the predictions with GREAT to provide functional biological context. Together, accurate computational binding site prediction and GREAT produce for each transcription factor: 1. putative binding sites, 2. putative target genes, 3. putative biological roles of the transcription factor, and 4. putative cis-regulatory elements through which the factor regulates each target in each functional role.
View all literature mentionsA cloud-based collaborative platform which co-locates data, code, and computing resources for analyzing genome-scale data and seamlessly integrates these services allowing scientists to share and analyze data together. Synapse consists of a web portal integrated with the R/Bioconductor statistical package and will be integrated with additional tools. The web portal is organized around the concept of a Project which is an environment where you can interact, share data, and analysis methods with a specific group of users or broadly across open collaborations. Projects provide an organizational structure to interact with data, code and analyses, and to track data provenance. A project can be created by anyone with a Synapse account and can be shared among all Synapse users or restricted to a specific team. Public data projects include the Synapse Commons Repository (SCR) (syn150935) and the metaGenomics project (syn275039). The SCR provides access to raw data and phenotypic information for publicly available genomic data sets, such as GEO and TCGA. The metaGenomics project provides standardized preprocessed data and precomputed analysis of the public SCR data.
View all literature mentionsA Python-based environment of open-source software for mathematics, science, and engineering. The core packages of SciPy include: NumPy, a base N-dimensional array package; SciPy Library, a fundamental library for scientific computing; and IPython, an enhanced interactive console.
View all literature mentions3D reference atlas to use with online datasets or as standalone resources. Can be used to analyze, visualize, and integrate multimodal and multiscale datasets in 3D. Intensity and shape population average template brain serves as basis of reference space and coordinate system. Average was constructed at 10 um voxel resolution by interpolating high resolution serial two photon tomography images from young adult C57BL/6J mice. Using multimodal reference data, entire brain was directly parcellated in 3D, labeling every voxel with brain structure from Allen Mouse Reference Atlas Ontology. In the 2017 release, the parcellation spanned 43 isocortical areas and their layers, 329 subcortical gray matter structures, 81 fiber tracts, and 8 ventricular structures.
View all literature mentionsOpen source statistical package written in Python 3 and based mostly on Pandas and NumPy. Designed for users who want simple yet exhaustive stats functions.
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