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Sesame is an ancient oilseed crop with high oil content and quality. However, the evolutionary history and genetic mechanisms of its valuable agronomic traits remain unclear. Here, we report chromosome-scale genomes of cultivated sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) and six wild Sesamum species, representing all three karyotypes within this genus. Karyotyping and genome-based phylogenic analysis revealed the evolutionary route of Sesamum species from n = 13 to n = 16 and revealed that allotetraploidization occurred in the wild species Sesamum radiatum. Early divergence of the Sesamum genus (48.5-19.7 million years ago) during the Tertiary period and its ancient phylogenic position within eudicots were observed. Pan-genome analysis revealed 9164 core gene families in the 7 Sesamum species. These families are significantly enriched in various metabolic pathways, including fatty acid (FA) metabolism and FA biosynthesis. Structural variations in SiPT1 and SiDT1 within the phosphatidyl ethanolamine-binding protein gene family lead to the genomic evolution of plant-architecture and inflorescence-development phenotypes in Sesamum. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) of an interspecific population and genome comparisons revealed a long terminal repeat insertion and a sequence deletion in DIR genes of wild Sesamum angustifolium and cultivated sesame, respectively; both variations independently cause high susceptibility to Fusarium wilt disease. A GWAS of 560 sesame accessions combined with an overexpression study confirmed that the NAC1 and PPO genes play an important role in upregulating oil content of sesame. Our study provides high-quality genomic resources for cultivated and wild Sesamum species and insights that can improve molecular breeding strategies for sesame and other oilseed crops.
Pubmed ID: 37798879
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Software package for working with VCF files. Used to provide easily accessible methods for working with complex genetic variation data in the form of VCF files.Implements various utilities for processing Variant Call Format files, including validation, merging, comparing. Provides general Perl API.
View all literature mentionsA software tool for maximum likelihood estimation of individual ancestries from multilocus SNP genotype datasets. It uses the same statistical model as STRUCTURE but calculates estimates much more rapidly using a fast numerical optimization algorithm. It uses a block relaxation approach to alternately update allele frequency and ancestry fraction parameters. Each block update is handled by solving a large number of independent convex optimization problems, which are tackled using a fast sequential quadratic programming algorithm. Convergence of the algorithm is accelerated using a novel quasi-Newton acceleration method.
View all literature mentionsWeb application to search nucleotide databases using a nucleotide query. Algorithms: blastn, megablast, discontiguous megablast.
View all literature mentionsSoftware that estimates expression at transcript-level resolution and controls for variability evident across replicate libraries.
View all literature mentionsA software package to analyze next-generation resequencing data. The toolkit offers a wide variety of tools, with a primary focus on variant discovery and genotyping as well as strong emphasis on data quality assurance. Its robust architecture, powerful processing engine and high-performance computing features make it capable of taking on projects of any size. This software library makes writing efficient analysis tools using next-generation sequencing data very easy, and second it's a suite of tools for working with human medical resequencing projects such as 1000 Genomes and The Cancer Genome Atlas. These tools include things like a depth of coverage analyzers, a quality score recalibrator, a SNP/indel caller and a local realigner. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsOriginal SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.
View all literature mentionsA gene finder based on a Generalized Hidden Markov Model (GHMM). Although the gene finder conforms to the overall mathematical framework of a GHMM, additionally it incorporates splice site models adapted from the GeneSplicer program and a decision tree adapted from GlimmerM. It also utilizes Interpolated Markov Models for the coding and noncoding models . Currently, GlimmerHMM's GHMM structure includes introns of each phase, intergenic regions, and four types of exons (initial, internal, final, and single).
View all literature mentionsA Java based software tool designed to simplify and expedite the process of haplotype analysis by providing a common interface to several tasks relating to such analyses. Haploview currently allows users to examine block structures, generate haplotypes in these blocks, run association tests, and save the data in a number of formats. All functionalities are highly customizable. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software) * LD & haplotype block analysis * haplotype population frequency estimation * single SNP and haplotype association tests * permutation testing for association significance * implementation of Paul de Bakker's Tagger tag SNP selection algorithm. * automatic download of phased genotype data from HapMap * visualization and plotting of PLINK whole genome association results including advanced filtering options Haploview is fully compatible with data dumps from the HapMap project and the Perlegen Genotype Browser. It can analyze thousands of SNPs (tens of thousands in command line mode) in thousands of individuals. Note: Haploview is currently on a development and support freeze. The team is currently looking at a variety of options in order to provide support for the software. Haploview is an open source project hosted by SourceForge. The source can be downloaded at the SourceForge project site.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package as probabilistic framework for structural variant discovery. Capable of integrating any number of SV detection signals including those generated from read alignments or prior evidence. Simplified wrapper for standard analyses, LUMPY Express, can also be executed.
View all literature mentionsIntegrated structural variant prediction software that can detect deletions, tandem duplications, inversions and translocations at single-nucleotide resolution in short-read massively parallel sequencing data. It uses paired-ends and split-reads to sensitively and accurately delineate genomic rearrangements throughout genome.
View all literature mentionsA database of protein families, each represented by multiple sequence alignments and hidden Markov models (HMMs). Users can analyze protein sequences for Pfam matches, view Pfam family annotation and alignments, see groups of related families, look at the domain organization of a protein sequence, find the domains on a PDB structure, and query Pfam by keywords. There are two components to Pfam: Pfam-A and Pfam-B. Pfam-A entries are high quality, manually curated families that may automatically generate a supplement using the ADDA database. These automatically generated entries are called Pfam-B. Although of lower quality, Pfam-B families can be useful for identifying functionally conserved regions when no Pfam-A entries are found. Pfam also generates higher-level groupings of related families, known as clans (collections of Pfam-A entries which are related by similarity of sequence, structure or profile-HMM).
View all literature mentionsDatabase of biological data related to a single initiative, originating from a single organization or from a consortium. A BioProject record provides users a single place to find links to the diverse data types generated for that project. It is a searchable collection of complete and incomplete (in-progress) large-scale sequencing, assembly, annotation, and mapping projects for cellular organisms. Submissions are supported by a web-based Submission Portal. The database facilitates organization and classification of project data submitted to NCBI, EBI and DDBJ databases that captures descriptive information about research projects that result in high volume submissions to archival databases, ties together related data across multiple archives and serves as a central portal by which to inform users of data availability. BioProject records link to corresponding data stored in archival repositories. The BioProject resource is a redesigned, expanded, replacement of the NCBI Genome Project resource. The redesign adds tracking of several data elements including more precise information about a project''''s scope, material, and objectives. Genome Project identifiers are retained in the BioProject as the ID value for a record, and an Accession number has been added. Database content is exchanged with other members of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). BioProject is accessible via FTP.
View all literature mentionsA stand-alone software program for scaffolding pre-assembled contigs using paired-read data. Main features are: a short runtime, multiple library input of paired-end and/or mate pair datasets and possible contig extension with unmapped sequence reads.
View all literature mentionsDatabase of known and predicted protein interactions. The interactions include direct (physical) and indirect (functional) associations and are derived from four sources: Genomic Context, High-throughput experiments, (Conserved) Coexpression, and previous knowledge. STRING quantitatively integrates interaction data from these sources for a large number of organisms, and transfers information between these organisms where applicable. The database currently covers 5''214''234 proteins from 1133 organisms. (2013)
View all literature mentionsTool for searching sequence databases for homologs of protein sequences, and for making protein sequence alignments. It implements methods using probabilistic models called profile hidden Markov models (profile HMMs). Compared to BLAST, FASTA, and other sequence alignment and database search tools based on older scoring methodology, HMMER aims to be significantly more accurate and more able to detect remote homologs because of the strength of its underlying mathematical models. In the past, this strength came at significant computational expense, but in the new HMMER3 project, HMMER is now essentially as fast as BLAST.
View all literature mentionsAn ALL in ONE tool for functional annotation of (novel) sequences and the analysis of annotation data. Blast2GO (B2G) joins in one universal application similarity search based GO annotation and functional analysis. B2G offers the possibility of direct statistical analysis on gene function information and visualization of relevant functional features on a highlighted GO direct acyclic graph (DAG). Furthermore B2G includes various statistics charts summarizing the results obtained at BLASTing, GO-mapping, annotation and enrichment analysis (Fisher''''s Exact Test). All analysis process steps are configurable and data import and export are supported at any stage. The application also accepts pre-existing BLAST or annotation files and takes them to subsequent steps. The tool offers a very suitable platform for high throughput functional genomics research in non-model species. B2G is a species-independent, intuitive and interactive desktop application which allows monitoring and comprehending the whole annotation and analysis process supported by additional features like GO Slim integration, evidence code (EC) consideration, a Batch-Mode or GO-Multilevel-Pies. Platform: Windows compatible, Mac OS X compatible, Linux compatible, Unix compatible
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for functional analysis of sequences by classifying them into families and predicting presence of domains and sites. Scans sequences against InterPro's signatures. Characterizes nucleotide or protein function by matching it with models from several different databases. Used in large scale analysis of whole proteomes, genomes and metagenomes. Available as Web based version and standalone Perl version and SOAP Web Service.
View all literature mentionsR software package for the detection of gross chromosomal abnormalities from gene expression microarray data.
View all literature mentionsSoftware program for phylogenetic analyses of large datasets under maximum likelihood.
View all literature mentionsOrthoMCL is a genome-scale algorithm for grouping orthologous protein sequences. It provides not only groups shared by two or more species/genomes, but also groups representing species-specific gene expansion families. OrthoMCL starts with reciprocal best hits within each genome as putative in-paralog/recent paralog pairs and reciprocal best hits across any two genomes as putative ortholog pairs. Related proteins are interlinked in a similarity graph. Then MCL (Markov Clustering algorithm,Van Dongen 2000; www.micans.org/mcl) is invoked to split mega-clusters. This process is analogous to the manual review in COG construction. MCL clustering is based on weights between each pair of proteins, so to correct for differences in evolutionary distance the weights are normalized before running MCL.
View all literature mentionsSoftware for gene prediction in eukaryotic genomic sequences. Serves as a basis for further steps in the analysis of sequenced and assembled eukaryotic genomes.
View all literature mentionsSoftware application for construction of genetic linkage maps for several types of mapping populations: BC1, F2, RILs, (doubled) haploids, outbreeders full-sib family. Can combine (''join'') data derived from several sources into an integrated map. Further: linkage group determination, automatic phase determination for outbreeders full-sib family, several diagnostics, and map charts. Everything available in an intuitive MS-Windows user interface. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsDatabases which provide clustered sets of sequences from UniProt Knowledgebase and selected UniParc records, in order to obtain complete coverage of sequence space at several resolutions while hiding redundant sequences from view. The UniRef100 database combines identical sequences and sub-fragments with 11 or more residues (from any organism) into a single UniRef entry. The sequence of a representative protein, the accession numbers of all the merged entries, and links to the corresponding UniProtKB and UniParc records are all displayed in the entry. UniRef90 and UniRef50 are built by clustering UniRef100 sequences with 11 or more residues such that each cluster is composed of sequences that have at least 90% (UniRef90) or 50% (UniRef50) sequence identity to the longest sequence (UniRef seed sequence). All the sequences in each cluster are ranked to facilitate the selection of a representative sequence for the cluster.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package as multiple alignment program for amino acid or nucleotide sequences. Can align up to 500 sequences or maximum file size of 1 MB. First version of MAFFT used algorithm based on progressive alignment, in which sequences were clustered with help of Fast Fourier Transform. Subsequent versions have added other algorithms and modes of operation, including options for faster alignment of large numbers of sequences, higher accuracy alignments, alignment of non-coding RNA sequences, and addition of new sequences to existing alignments.
View all literature mentionsSoftware Java pipeline for trimming tasks for Illumina paired end and single ended data. Flexible Trimmer for Illumina Sequence Data. Pair aware preprocessing tool optimized for Illumina next generation sequencing data. Includes several processing steps for read trimming and filtering. Operating systems Unix/Linux, Mac OS, Windows.
View all literature mentionsAn efficient software tool to utilize update-to-date information to functionally annotate genetic variants detected from diverse genomes (including human genome hg18, hg19, as well as mouse, worm, fly, yeast and many others). Given a list of variants with chromosome, start position, end position, reference nucleotide and observed nucleotides, ANNOVAR can perform: 1. gene-based annotation. 2. region-based annotation. 3. filter-based annotation. 4. other functionalities. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsSoftware package which performs a variety of genetic analyses including association mapping, diversity estimation and calculating linkage disequilibrium. The association analysis between genotypes and phenotypes can be performed by either a general linear model or a mixed linear model. The general linear model now allows users to analyze complex field designs, environmental interactions, and epistatic interactions. The mixed model is specially designed to handle polygenic effects at multiple levels of relatedness including pedigree information. These new analyses should permit association analysis in a wide range plant and animal species. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool that screens DNA sequences for interspersed repeats and low complexity DNA sequences. The output of the program is a detailed annotation of the repeats that are present in the query sequence as well as a modified version of the query sequence in which all the annotated repeats have been masked (default: replaced by Ns). Currently over 56% of human genomic sequence is identified and masked by the program. Sequence comparisons in RepeatMasker are performed by one of several popular search engines including nhmmer, cross_match, ABBlast/WUBlast, RMBlast and Decypher. RepeatMasker makes use of curated libraries of repeats and currently supports Dfam ( profile HMM library ) and RepBase ( consensus sequence library ).
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for fast and high throughput alignment of shotgun cDNA sequencing reads generated by transcriptomics technologies. Fast splice junction mapper for RNA-Seq reads. Aligns RNA-Seq reads to mammalian-sized genomes using ultra high-throughput short read aligner Bowtie, and then analyzes mapping results to identify splice junctions between exons.TopHat2 is accurate alignment of transcriptomes in presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions.
View all literature mentionsCompany provides laboratories worldwide with analytical instruments and supplies, clinical and diagnostic testing services, consumables, applications and expertise in life sciences and applied chemical markets.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for transcriptome assembly and differential expression analysis for RNA-Seq. Includes script called cuffmerge that can be used to merge together several Cufflinks assemblies. It also handles running Cuffcompare as well as automatically filtering a number of transfrags that are likely to be artifacts. If the researcher has a reference GTF file, the researcher can provide it to the script to more effectively merge novel isoforms and maximize overall assembly quality.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for automated eukaryotic gene structure annotation that reports eukaryotic gene structures as weighted consensus of all available evidence. Used to combine ab intio gene predictions and protein and transcript alignments into weighted consensus gene structures. Inputs include genome sequence, gene predictions, and alignment data (in GFF3 format).
View all literature mentionsPackage of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA or protein sequences using maximum likelihood. PAML estimates parameters and tests hypotheses to study the evolutionary process from a phylogenetic tree.
View all literature mentionsSequence analysis software that performs repeat family identification and creates models for sequence data. RepeatModeler utilizes RepeatScout and RECON to identify repeat element boundaries and family relationships.
View all literature mentionsGene alignment tool from the EBI which predicts gene structure using similar protein sequences. See also the associated GenomeWise tool.
View all literature mentionsWeb software capable of scanning large-scale sequences for full-length LTR retrotranspsons.
View all literature mentionsSoftware Python application for comparative genomics analysis. Finds orthogroups and orthologs, infers rooted gene trees for all orthogroups and identifies all of gene duplcation events in those gene trees, infers rooted species tree for species being analysed and maps gene duplication events from gene trees to branches in species tree, improves orthogroup inference accuracy. Runs set of protein sequence files, one per species, in FASTA format.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package as system for rapidly aligning entire genomes. Alignment tool for DNA and protein sequences. Can align incomplete genomes.
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for estimating absolute rates of molecular evolution and divergence times on phylogenetic tree. Divergence time estimation on phylogenies.
View all literature mentionsPublic knowledge base for information on evolutionary timescale of life. Data from thousands of published studies are assembled into searchable tree of life scaled to time.
View all literature mentionsWeb server for whole genome comparison and annotation of orthologous clusters across multiple species.Works on any operating system with modern browser and Javascript enabled. Used to identify orthologous gene clusters and supports user define species to upload customized protein sequences. Interactive graphic tool which provides Venn diagram view for comparing multiple species protein sequences.
View all literature mentionsWeb analytics tool for detection of variants from assembly. Used to detect and analyze structural variants from genome assembly by comparing it to reference genome.
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