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As one of the most widely used nanomaterials, CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) might be released into the aquatic environment. In this paper, the interaction of CeO2 NPs and Ce3+ ions (0~10 mg/L) with duckweed (Lemna minor L.) was investigated. CeO2 NPs significantly inhibited the root elongation of duckweed at concentrations higher than 0.1 mg/L, while the inhibition threshold of Ce3+ ions was 0.02 mg/L. At high doses, both reduced photosynthetic pigment contents led to cell death and induced stomatal deformation, but the toxicity of Ce3+ ions was greater than that of CeO2 NPs at the same concentration. According to the in situ distribution of Ce in plant tissues by μ-XRF, the intensity of Ce signal was in the order of root > old frond > new frond, suggesting that roots play a major role in the uptake of Ce. The result of XANES showed that 27.6% of Ce(IV) was reduced to Ce(III) in duckweed treated with CeO2 NPs. We speculated that the toxicity of CeO2 NPs to duckweed was mainly due to its high sensitivity to the released Ce3+ ions. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the toxicity of CeO2 NPs to an aquatic higher plant.
Pubmed ID: 37764551
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Athena is a web-based application that warehouses disparate datatypes related to the control of gene expression. Athena provides several features to enable exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of Arabidopsis gene control. The first main tool we provide is visualization of promoter domains of selected genes. Database crossreference for these transcription factors is provided as well as a statistical test for enrichment of binding activity within the set of selected promoters. The data mining tools in Athena allow for selection of sets of genes based on two different factors. -Genes can be select by specifying a set of binding factors whose putative sites must be present within all of those genes'' promoter regions. -Alternatively, genes can be selected using Gene Ontology annotations. Both GO (Gene Ontology) Slim terms and Gene Ontology terms are available. One can select a set of genes by either choosing a union of the genes annotated by a selected set of Slim terms or Gene Ontology terms. The selected gene''s putative binding factors are listed, including enrichment data. Furthermore, enriched presence of Gene Ontology terms is given. The analysis suite provides both enhanced data mining tools for selecting genes as well as several data displays.
View all literature mentionsSoftware application for data analysis and graphing. Origin contains a variety of different graph types, including statistical plots, 2D and 3D vector graphs, and counter graphs. More advance version is OriginPro which offers advanced analysis tools and Apps for Peak Fitting, Surface Fitting, Statistics and Signal Processing.
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