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Hearing and vision sensory systems are tuned to the natural statistics of acoustic and electromagnetic energy on earth and are evolved to be sensitive in ethologically relevant ranges. But what are the natural statistics of odors, and how do olfactory systems exploit them? Dissecting an accurate machine learning model (Lee et al., 2022) for human odor perception, we find a computable representation for odor at the molecular level that can predict the odor-evoked receptor, neural, and behavioral responses of nearly all terrestrial organisms studied in olfactory neuroscience. Using this olfactory representation (principal odor map [POM]), we find that odorous compounds with similar POM representations are more likely to co-occur within a substance and be metabolically closely related; metabolic reaction sequences (Caspi et al., 2014) also follow smooth paths in POM despite large jumps in molecular structure. Just as the brain's visual representations have evolved around the natural statistics of light and shapes, the natural statistics of metabolism appear to shape the brain's representation of the olfactory world.
Pubmed ID: 37129358
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Database containing information on marketed medicines and their recorded adverse drug reactions. The information is extracted from public documents and package inserts. The available information include side effect frequency, drug and side effect classifications as well as links to further information, for example drug-target relations. The SIDER Side Effect Resource represents an effort to aggregate dispersed public information on side effects. To our knowledge, no such resource exist in machine-readable form despite the importance of research on drugs and their effects. The creation of this resource was motivated by the many requests for data that we received related to our paper (Campillos, Kuhn et al., Science, 2008, 321(5886):263-6.) on the utilization of side effects for drug target prediction. Inclusion of side effects as readouts for drug treatment should have many applications and we hope to be able to enhance the respective research with this resource. You may browse the drugs by name, browse the side effects by name, download the current version of SIDER, or use the search interface.
View all literature mentionsMetaCyc is a database of nonredundant, experimentally elucidated metabolic pathways. MetaCyc contains more than 1,200 pathways from more than 1,600 different organisms, and is curated from the scientific experimental literature. MetaCyc contains pathways involved in both primary and secondary metabolism, as well as associated compounds, enzymes, and genes.
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