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After the global spread of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.2, some BA.2 subvariants, including BA.2.9.1, BA.2.11, BA.2.12.1, BA.4, and BA.5, emerged in multiple countries. Our statistical analysis showed that the effective reproduction numbers of these BA.2 subvariants are greater than that of the original BA.2. Neutralization experiments revealed that the immunity induced by BA.1/2 infections is less effective against BA.4/5. Cell culture experiments showed that BA.2.12.1 and BA.4/5 replicate more efficiently in human alveolar epithelial cells than BA.2, and particularly, BA.4/5 is more fusogenic than BA.2. We further provided the structure of the BA.4/5 spike receptor-binding domain that binds to human ACE2 and considered how the substitutions in the BA.4/5 spike play roles in ACE2 binding and immune evasion. Moreover, experiments using hamsters suggested that BA.4/5 is more pathogenic than BA.2. Our multiscale investigations suggest that the risk of BA.2 subvariants, particularly BA.4/5, to global health is greater than that of original BA.2.
Pubmed ID: 36198317
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Portal to share hCoV-19 genome sequences. Collection of genome sequences and related clinical and epidemiological data associated with coronavirus hCoV-19. Global repository of SARS-CoV-2 genomes. Initiative involves public-private-partnerships between Freunde of GISAID and governments of Federal Republic of Germany, Singapore and United States of America, with support from private and corporate philanthropy.International database of hCoV-19 genome sequences and related clinical and epidemiological data. Resource for influenza and hCoV-19 data.
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