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Comprehensive Pathogen Identification, Antibiotic Resistance, and Virulence Genes Prediction Directly From Simulated Blood Samples and Positive Blood Cultures by Nanopore Metagenomic Sequencing.

Menglan Zhou | Yarong Wu | Timothy Kudinha | Peiyao Jia | Lei Wang | Yingchun Xu | Qiwen Yang
Frontiers in genetics | 2021

Bloodstream infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. We explored whether MinION nanopore sequencing could accelerate diagnosis, resistance, and virulence profiling prediction in simulated blood samples and blood cultures. One milliliter of healthy blood samples each from direct spike (sample 1), anaerobic (sample 2), and aerobic (sample 3) blood cultures with initial inoculation of ∼30 CFU/ml of a clinically isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae strain was subjected to DNA extraction and nanopore sequencing. Hybrid assembly of Illumina and nanopore reads from pure colonies of the isolate (sample 4) was used as a reference for comparison. Hybrid assembly of the reference genome identified a total of 39 antibiotic resistance genes and 77 virulence genes through alignment with the CARD and VFDB databases. Nanopore correctly detected K. pneumoniae in all three blood samples. The fastest identification was achieved within 8 h from specimen to result in sample 1 without blood culture. However, direct sequencing in sample 1 only identified seven resistance genes (20.6%) but 28 genes in samples 2-4 (82.4%) compared to the reference within 2 h of sequencing time. Similarly, 11 (14.3%) and 74 (96.1%) of the virulence genes were detected in samples 1 and 2-4 within 2 h of sequencing time, respectively. Direct nanopore sequencing from positive blood cultures allowed comprehensive pathogen identification, resistance, and virulence genes prediction within 2 h, which shows its promising use in point-of-care clinical settings.

Pubmed ID: 33841495

Associated grants

None

Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.

This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


NCBI BioProject (tool)

RRID:SCR_004801

Database of biological data related to a single initiative, originating from a single organization or from a consortium. A BioProject record provides users a single place to find links to the diverse data types generated for that project. It is a searchable collection of complete and incomplete (in-progress) large-scale sequencing, assembly, annotation, and mapping projects for cellular organisms. Submissions are supported by a web-based Submission Portal. The database facilitates organization and classification of project data submitted to NCBI, EBI and DDBJ databases that captures descriptive information about research projects that result in high volume submissions to archival databases, ties together related data across multiple archives and serves as a central portal by which to inform users of data availability. BioProject records link to corresponding data stored in archival repositories. The BioProject resource is a redesigned, expanded, replacement of the NCBI Genome Project resource. The redesign adds tracking of several data elements including more precise information about a project''''s scope, material, and objectives. Genome Project identifiers are retained in the BioProject as the ID value for a record, and an Accession number has been added. Database content is exchanged with other members of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). BioProject is accessible via FTP.

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Kraken (tool)

RRID:SCR_005484

A set of software tools ( Reaper, Tally and Sequence Imp) designed to streamline the analysis of next-generation sequencing data. Although designed with small RNA sequence analysis in mind the tools can be used to address issues facing next-generation sequencing in general.

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Thermo Fisher Scientific (tool)

RRID:SCR_008452

Commercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.

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Canu (tool)

RRID:SCR_015880

Software for scalable and accurate long-read assembly via adaptive k-mer weighting and repeat separation. Canu is a fork of the Celera Assembler and is designed for high-noise single-molecule sequencing (such as the PacBio RS II/Sequel or Oxford Nanopore MinION).

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Albacore (tool)

RRID:SCR_015897

Data processing basecaller for the Oxford Nanopore sequencer that identifies DNA sequences directly from raw data. It enhances accuracy of the single-read sequence data, contributing to high consensus accuracy for nanopore sequence data.

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Nanopolish (tool)

RRID:SCR_016157

Software package for signal-level analysis of Oxford Nanopore sequencing data.

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NanoFilt (tool)

RRID:SCR_016966

Software tool written in Python to perform its filtering based on mean read quality and GC content and read length. Used for filtering and trimming of long read sequencing data.

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Porechop (tool)

RRID:SCR_016967

Software tool for finding and removing adapters from Oxford Nanopore reads.

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shovill (tool)

RRID:SCR_017077

Software tool to assemble bacterial isolate genomes from Illumina paired end reads. Used for isolate data only, primarily small haploid organisms. Supports assemblers like SKESA, Velvet and Megahit.

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