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Seroconversion stages COVID19 into distinct pathophysiological states.

Matthew D Galbraith | Kohl T Kinning | Kelly D Sullivan | Ryan Baxter | Paula Araya | Kimberly R Jordan | Seth Russell | Keith P Smith | Ross E Granrath | Jessica R Shaw | Monika Dzieciatkowska | Tusharkanti Ghosh | Andrew A Monte | Angelo D'Alessandro | Kirk C Hansen | Tellen D Benett | Elena Wy Hsieh | Joaquín M Espinosa
eLife | 2021

COVID19 is a heterogeneous medical condition involving diverse underlying pathophysiological processes including hyperinflammation, endothelial damage, thrombotic microangiopathy, and end-organ damage. Limited knowledge about the molecular mechanisms driving these processes and lack of staging biomarkers hamper the ability to stratify patients for targeted therapeutics. We report here the results of a cross-sectional multi-omics analysis of hospitalized COVID19 patients revealing that seroconversion status associates with distinct underlying pathophysiological states. Low antibody titers associate with hyperactive T cells and NK cells, high levels of IFN alpha, gamma and lambda ligands, markers of systemic complement activation, and depletion of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets. Upon seroconversion, all of these processes are attenuated, observing instead increases in B cell subsets, emergency hematopoiesis, increased D-dimer, and hypoalbuminemia. We propose that seroconversion status could potentially be used as a biosignature to stratify patients for therapeutic intervention and to inform analysis of clinical trial results in heterogenous patient populations.

Pubmed ID: 33724185

Antibodies used in this publication

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: RM1GM131968
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI150305
  • Agency: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01HL149714
  • Agency: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01HL148151
  • Agency: NCATS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: UL1TR002535
  • Agency: NHLBI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R21HL150032
  • Agency: NCATS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: 3UL1TR002535-03S2
  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R35GM124939
  • Agency: NCI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: P30CA046934

Publication data is provided by the National Library of Medicine ® and PubMed ®. Data is retrieved from PubMed ® on a weekly schedule. For terms and conditions see the National Library of Medicine Terms and Conditions.

This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


SAMTOOLS (tool)

RRID:SCR_002105

Original SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.

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Promega (tool)

RRID:SCR_006724

An Antibody supplier

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Thermo Fisher Scientific (tool)

RRID:SCR_008452

Commercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.

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htseq-count (tool)

RRID:SCR_011867

Script distributed with the HT-Seq Python framework for processing RNA-seq or DNA-seq data.

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Babraham Institute Babraham Bioinformatics Core Facility (tool)

RRID:SCR_017148

Provides bioinformatics services to research groups in Babraham Institute, United Kingdom and external commercial consultancy service. Provides assistance in genomics, proteomics, statistics, microarrays, and custom software development.

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Anti-Human CD123-143Nd (antibody)

RRID:AB_2811081

This monoclonal targets CD123

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Purified anti-human CD45RA (antibody)

RRID:AB_314406

This monoclonal targets CD45RA

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Purified anti-human CD38 (antibody)

RRID:AB_314354

This monoclonal targets CD38

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Anti-Human HLA-DR (L243)-173Yb (antibody)

RRID:AB_2810248

This monoclonal targets HLA-DR

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Anti-Human CD197/CCR7 (G043H7)-167Er (antibody)

RRID:AB_2858236

This monoclonal targets CD197/CCR7

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Anti-Human CD95/Fas (DX2)-164Dy (antibody)

RRID:AB_2858235

This monoclonal targets CD95/Fas

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CD1c (BDCA-1) Antibody, anti-human, pure (antibody)

RRID:AB_2661165

This monoclonal targets CD1c (BDCA-1)

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Anti-Human CD185/CXCR5 (RF8B2)-171Yb (antibody)

RRID:AB_2858239

This monoclonal targets CD185/CXCR5

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CD56 Antibody, anti-human, PE, REAfinity™ (antibody)

RRID:AB_2726090

This recombinant monoclonal targets CD56

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Anti-Human IgD-146Nd (antibody)

RRID:AB_2811082

This monoclonal targets IgD

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Anti-Ki-67 (B56)-162Dy (antibody)

RRID:AB_2888928

This monoclonal targets Ki-67

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Anti-Human CD3-170Er (antibody)

RRID:AB_2811085

This monoclonal targets CD3

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bcl2fastq (software processing resource)

RRID:SCR_015058

Conversion software that both demultiplexes data and converts BCL files generated by Illumina sequencing systems to standard FASTQ file formats for downstream analysis.

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RStudio (software resource)

RRID:SCR_000432

Open source and enterprise ready professional software for R statistical computing environment. Integrated development environment for R. Includes console, syntax highlighting editor that supports direct code execution, as well as tools for plotting, history, debugging and workspace management. Available in open source and commercial editions and runs on desktop Windows, Mac, and Linux or in browser connected to RStudio Server or RStudio Server Pro (Debian/Ubuntu, RedHat/CentOS, and SUSE Linux).

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LIMMA (software resource)

RRID:SCR_010943

Software package for the analysis of gene expression microarray data, especially the use of linear models for analyzing designed experiments and the assessment of differential expression.

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GENCODE (data or information resource)

RRID:SCR_014966

Human and mouse genome annotation project which aims to identify all gene features in the human genome using computational analysis, manual annotation, and experimental validation.

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R Project for Statistical Computing (software resource)

RRID:SCR_001905

Software environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.

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HTSeq (software resource)

RRID:SCR_005514

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on February 28,2023. Software Python package that provides infrastructure to process data from high-throughput sequencing assays. While the main purpose of HTSeq is to allow you to write your own analysis scripts, customized to your needs, there are also a couple of stand-alone scripts for common tasks that can be used without any Python knowledge.

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tidyverse (software resource)

RRID:SCR_019186

Software tool as collection of R packages designed for data science which share underlying design philosophy, grammar, and data structures. Packages work in harmony because they share common data representations and API design. Used in everyday data analyses.

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ComplexHeatmap (software resource)

RRID:SCR_017270

Software package to arrange multiple heatmaps and support various annotation graphics. Used to visualize associations between different sources of data sets and to reveal potential patterns.

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FastQ Screen (software resource)

RRID:SCR_000141

Software that allows you to screen a library of sequences in FastQ format against a set of sequence databases so you can see if the composition of the library matches with what you expect.

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FastQC (software resource)

RRID:SCR_014583

Quality control software that perform checks on raw sequence data coming from high throughput sequencing pipelines. This software also provides a modular set of analyses which can give a quick impression of the quality of the data prior to further analysis.

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HISAT2 (software resource)

RRID:SCR_015530

Graph-based alignment of next generation sequencing reads to a population of genomes.

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Bestus Bioinformaticus Tools (software resource)

RRID:SCR_016968

Software suite of bioinformatics tools for analysis of DNA and RNA sequence data. Used for file formats such as fastq, fasta, sam, scarf, fasta plus qual, compressed or raw, with autodetection of quality encoding and interleaving. Written in Java and works on any platform supporting Java, including Linux, MacOS, and Microsoft Windows.

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DESeq2 (software resource)

RRID:SCR_015687

Software package for differential gene expression analysis based on the negative binomial distribution. Used for analyzing RNA-seq data for differential analysis of count data, using shrinkage estimation for dispersions and fold changes to improve stability and interpretability of estimates.

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Bioconductor (software resource)

RRID:SCR_006442

Software repository for R packages related to analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data. Uses separate set of commands for installation of packages. Software project based on R programming language that provides tools for analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data.

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ggplot2 (data processing software)

RRID:SCR_014601

Open source software package for statistical programming language R to create plots based on grammar of graphics. Used for data visualization to break up graphs into semantic components such as scales and layers.

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ea-utils (software resource)

RRID:SCR_005553

Command-line software tools for processing biological sequencing data. Barcode demultiplexing, adapter trimming, etc. Primarily written to support an Illumina based pipeline - but should work with any FASTQs.

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