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Host immunity is crucial for controlling M. tuberculosis infection. Functional polymorphisms in the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) show global population stratification, with the highest prevalence of low expression MIF alleles found in sub-Saharan Africans, which is a population with the greatest confluence of both TB and HIV infection and disease. We investigated the association between MIF alleles and tuberculosis (TB) and HIV in South Africa. We acquired clinical information and determined the frequency of two MIF promoter variants: a functional -794 CATT5-8 microsatellite and an associated -173 G/C SNP in two HIV-positive cohorts of patients with active laboratory-confirmed TB and in controls without active TB who were all HIV positive. We found a greater frequency of low expression MIF promoter variants (-794 CATT5,6) among TB disease cases compared to controls (OR = 2.03, p = 0.023), supporting a contribution of genetic low MIF expression to the high prevalence of TB in South Africa. Among those with HIV, circulating MIF levels also were associated with lower CD4 cell counts irrespective of TB status (p = 0.016), suggesting an influence of HIV immunosuppression on MIF expression.
Pubmed ID: 33604547
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An exploratory population genetics software environment able to handle large samples of molecular data (RFLPs, DNA sequences, microsatellites), while retaining the capacity of analyzing conventional genetic data (standard multi-locus data or mere allele frequency data). (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsPopulation genetic data analysis software package. Used to perform exact Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium test. Used for population differentiation and for genotypic disequilibrium among pairs of loci. Computes estimates of F-statistics, null allele frequencies, allele size-based statistics for microsatellites, etc. and performs analyses of isolation by distance from pairwise comparisons of individuals or population samples.
View all literature mentionsGenotyping software package that provides DNA sizing and quality allele calls for all Applied Biosystems electrophoresis-based genotyping systems. GeneMapper specializes in multiapplication functionality, including amplified fragment length polymorphism, loss of heterozygosity, microsatellite, and SNP genotyping analysis. The software provides remote auto-analysis and command line operation, and allows for multiuser, client-server deployment.
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