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Inferring the molecular affinity of Indian pangolin with extant Manidae species based on mitochondrial genes: a wildlife forensic perspective.

Ved Prakash Kumar | Ankita Rajpoot | Malay Shukla | Parag Nigam | Surendra Prakash Goyal
Mitochondrial DNA. Part B, Resources | 2018

Pangolins are the world`s most trafficked mammalian species classified under family Manidae and face severe threat of extinction, largely due to the illicit trade of its parts and products, especially scales, in international markets. Pangolin scales are believed to be used in Traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) and meat is used as delicacies in restaurants. Of the eight extant species of pangolin, morphological discrimination is easy but the situation becomes precarious once the scales and meat samples are seized and it is difficult to identify species based on morphology in such cases. However, wildlife DNA forensics has played an instrumental role in the identification of species from such type of materials. The present study investigated that three mitochondrial genes (Cyt b, 16S rRNA, and 12S rRNA) clearly showed the variation among seven extant pangolin species (Manis culionensis; possibly extinct), whereas, maximum variation was obtained in cytochrome b when compared to another two mitochondrial genes. The present study revealed that obtained SNPs based on short sequence length (Intervals) within the three mitochondrial genes will be helpful to design the short molecular marker and species-specific probe that is used in wildlife forensic for identifying pangolin species from the degraded sample. We also advocate using more than one molecular marker for species discrimination so as to minimize any false identification of the mammal's species reported in the trade. Furthermore, data generated from the study would help in strengthening the DNA database of Indian pangolin species.

Pubmed ID: 33474269

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GenBank (tool)

RRID:SCR_002760

NIH genetic sequence database that provides annotated collection of all publicly available DNA sequences for almost 280 000 formally described species (Jan 2014) .These sequences are obtained primarily through submissions from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing projects, including whole-genome shotgun (WGS) and environmental sampling projects. Most submissions are made using web-based BankIt or standalone Sequin programs, and GenBank staff assigns accession numbers upon data receipt. It is part of International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration and daily data exchange with European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) ensures worldwide coverage. GenBank is accessible through NCBI Entrez retrieval system, which integrates data from major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome, mapping, protein structure and domain information, and biomedical journal literature via PubMed. BLAST provides sequence similarity searches of GenBank and other sequence databases. Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of GenBank database are available by FTP.

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BioEdit (tool)

RRID:SCR_007361

Software tool as biological sequence alignment editor written for Windows 95/98/NT/2000/XP/7 and sequence analysis program. Provides sequence manipulation and analysis options and links to external analysis programs to view and manipulate sequences with simple point and click operations.

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