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The mechanisms that underlie various inflammation paradoxes, metabolically healthy obesity, and increased inflammations after inflammatory cytokine blockades and deficiencies remain poorly determined. We performed an extensive -omics database mining, determined the expressions of 1367 innate immune regulators in 18 microarrays after deficiencies of 15 proinflammatory cytokines/regulators and eight microarray datasets of patients receiving Mab therapies, and made a set of significant findings: 1) proinflammatory cytokines/regulators suppress the expressions of innate immune regulators; 2) upregulations of innate immune regulators in the deficiencies of IFNγ/IFNγR1, IL-17A, STAT3 and miR155 are more than that after deficiencies of TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, STAT1, NF-kB, and miR221; 3) IFNγ, IFNγR and IL-17RA inhibit 10, 59 and 39 proinflammatory cytokine/regulator pathways, respectively; in contrast, TNFα, IL-6 and IL-18 each inhibits only four to five pathways; 4) The IFNγ-promoted and -suppressed innate immune regulators have four shared pathways; the IFNγR1-promoted and -suppressed innate immune regulators have 11 shared pathways; and the miR155-promoted and -suppressed innate immune regulators have 13 shared pathways, suggesting negative-feedback mechanisms in their conserved regulatory pathways for innate immune regulators; 5) Deficiencies of proinflammatory cytokine/regulator-suppressed, promoted programs share signaling pathways and increase the likelihood of developing 11 diseases including cardiovascular disease; 6) There are the shared innate immune regulators and pathways between deficiency of TNFα in mice and anti-TNF therapy in clinical patients; 7) Mechanistically, up-regulated reactive oxygen species regulators such as myeloperoxidase caused by suppression of proinflammatory cytokines/regulators can drive the upregulation of suppressed innate immune regulators. Our findings have provided novel insights on various inflammation paradoxes and proinflammatory cytokines regulation of innate immune regulators; and may re-shape new therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular disease and other inflammatory diseases.
Pubmed ID: 33193322
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Computable knowledge regarding functions of genes and gene products. GO resources include biomedical ontologies that cover molecular domains of all life forms as well as extensive compilations of gene product annotations to these ontologies that provide largely species-neutral, comprehensive statements about what gene products do. Used to standardize representation of gene and gene product attributes across species and databases.
View all literature mentionsPublicly available database of the genes, proteins, experimentally-verified interactions and signaling pathways involved in the innate immune response of humans, mice and bovines to microbial infection. The database captures coverage of the innate immunity interactome by integrating known interactions and pathways from major public databases together with manually-curated data into a centralized resource. The database can be mined as a knowledgebase or used with the integrated bioinformatics and visualization tools for the systems level analysis of the innate immune response. Although InnateDB curation focuses on innate immunity-relevant interactions and pathways, it also incorporates detailed annotation on the entire human, mouse and bovine interactomes by integrating data (178,000+ interactions & 3,900+ pathways) from several of the major public interaction and pathway databases. InnateDB also has integrated human, mouse and bovine orthology predictions generated using Ortholgue software. Ortholgue uses a phylogenetic distance-based method to identify possible paralogs in high-throughput orthology predictions. Integrated human and mouse conserved gene order and synteny information has also been determined to provide further support for orthology predictions. InnateDB Capabilities: * View statistics for manually-curated innate immunity relevant molecular interactions. New manually curated interactions are submitted weekly. * Search for genes and proteins of interest. * Search for experimentally-verified molecular interactions by gene/protein name, interaction type, cell type, etc. * Search genes/interactions belonging to 3,900 pathways. * Visualize interactions using an intuitive subcellular localization-based layout in Cerebral. * Upload your own list of genes along with associated gene expression data (from up to 10 experimental conditions) to interactively analyze this data in a molecular interaction network context. Once you have uploaded your data, you will be able to interactively visualize interaction networks with expression data overlaid; carry out Pathway, Gene Ontology and Transcription Factor Binding Site over-representation analyses; construct orthologous interaction networks in other species; and much more. * Access curated interaction data via a dedicated PSICQUIC webservice.
View all literature mentionsA commercial organization which provides assay technologies to isolate DNA, RNA, and proteins from any biological sample. Assay technologies are then used to make specific target biomolecules, such as the DNA of a specific virus, visible for subsequent analysis.
View all literature mentionsA web-based software application that enables users to analyze, integrate, and understand data derived from gene expression, microRNA, and SNP microarrays, metabolomics, proteomics, and RNA-Seq experiments, and small-scale experiments that generate gene and chemical lists. Users can search for targeted information on genes, proteins, chemicals, and drugs, and build interactive models of experimental systems. IPA allows exploration of molecular, chemical, gene, protein and miRNA interactions, creation of custom molecular pathways, and the ability to view and modify metabolic, signaling, and toxicological canonical pathways. In addition to the networks and pathways that can be created, IPA can provide multiple layering of additional information, such as drugs, disease genes, expression data, cellular functions and processes, or a researchers own genes or chemicals of interest.
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