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Brainstem regions support vital bodily functions, yet their genetic architectures and involvement in common brain disorders remain understudied. Here, using imaging-genetics data from a discovery sample of 27,034 individuals, we identify 45 brainstem-associated genetic loci, including the first linked to midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes, and map them to 305 genes. In a replication sample of 7432 participants most of the loci show the same effect direction and are significant at a nominal threshold. We detect genetic overlap between brainstem volumes and eight psychiatric and neurological disorders. In additional clinical data from 5062 individuals with common brain disorders and 11,257 healthy controls, we observe differential volume alterations in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and Parkinson's disease, supporting the relevance of brainstem regions and their genetic architectures in common brain disorders.
Pubmed ID: 32782260
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Multi paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language developed by MathWorks. Allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python. Used to explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.
View all literature mentionsOpen source whole genome association analysis toolset, designed to perform range of basic, large scale analyses in computationally efficient manner. Used for analysis of genotype/phenotype data. Through integration with gPLINK and Haploview, there is some support for subsequent visualization, annotation and storage of results. PLINK 1.9 is improved and second generation of the software.
View all literature mentionsOpen source software suite for processing and analyzing human brain MRI images. Used for reconstruction of brain cortical surface from structural MRI data, and overlay of functional MRI data onto reconstructed surface. Contains automatic structural imaging stream for processing cross sectional and longitudinal data. Provides anatomical analysis tools, including: representation of cortical surface between white and gray matter, representation of the pial surface, segmentation of white matter from rest of brain, skull stripping, B1 bias field correction, nonlinear registration of cortical surface of individual with stereotaxic atlas, labeling of regions of cortical surface, statistical analysis of group morphometry differences, and labeling of subcortical brain structures.Operating System: Linux, macOS.
View all literature mentionsAn integrative interaction database that integrates different types of functional interactions from heterogeneous interaction data resources. Physical protein interactions, metabolic and signaling reactions and gene regulatory interactions are integrated in a seamless functional association network that simultaneously describes multiple functional aspects of genes, proteins, complexes, metabolites, etc. With human, yeast and mouse complex functional interactions, it currently constitutes the most comprehensive publicly available interaction repository for these species. Different ways of utilizing these integrated interaction data, in particular with tools for visualization, analysis and interpretation of high-throughput expression data in the light of functional interactions and biological pathways is offered.
View all literature mentionsConsortium conducting meta-analyses of genome-wide genetic data for psychiatric disease. Focused on autism, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, anorexia nervosa (AN), Tourette syndrome (TS), and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Used to investigate common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyped on commercial arrays, structural variation (copy number variation) and uncommon or rare genetic variation. To participate you are asked to upload data from your study to central computer used by this consortium. Genetic Cluster Computer serves as data warehouse and analytical platform for this study . When data from your study have been incorporated, account will be provided on central server and access to all GWAS genotypes, phenotypes, and meta-analytic results relevant to deposited data and participation aims. NHGRI GWAS Catalog contains updated information about all GWAS in biomedicine, and is usually excellent starting point to find comprehensive list of studies. Files can be obtained by any PGC member for any disease to which they contributed data. These files can also be obtained by application to NIMH Genetics Repository. Individual-level genotype and phenotype data requires application, material transfer agreement, and informed consent consideration. Some datasets are also in controlled-access dbGaP and Wellcome Trust Case-Control Consortium repositories. PGC members can also receive back cleaned and imputed data and results for samples they contributed to PGC analyses.
View all literature mentionsPublicly available database of summary level findings from genetic association studies in humans, including genome wide association studies (GWAS). Previously named HGBASE, HGVbase and HGVbaseG2P.
View all literature mentionsAn observational longitudinal clinical study partnership to identify and validate biomarkers of Parkinson disease (PD) progression and provide easy and open web-based access to the comprehensive set of correlated clinical data and biospecimens, information, and biosamples acquired from PD and age and gender matched healthy control subjects to the research community. The data and specimens have been collected in a standardized manner under strict protocols and includes clinical (demographic, motor and non-motor, cognitive and neurobehavioral), imaging (raw and processed MRI, SPECT and DAT), and blood chemistry and hematology subject assessments and biospecimen inventories (serum, plasma, whole blood, CSF, DNA, RNA and urine). All data are de-identified to protect patient privacy. PPMI will be carried out over five years at 21 clinical sites in the United States and Europe and requires the participation of 400 Parkinson's patients and 200 control participants. The PPMI database provides researchers with access to correlated clinical and imaging data, along with annotated biospecimens, all available within an open access system that encourages data sharing (http://www.ppmi-info.org/access-data-specimens/). The website hosts an Ongoing Analysis section to keep the scientific community apprised of analyses being completed, in hopes of stimulating collaborations between researchers who are using PPMI data and specimens.
View all literature mentionsProject aimed at making neuroimaging data sets of brain freely available to scientific community. By compiling and freely distributing neuroimaging data sets, future discoveries in basic and clinical neuroscience are facilitated.
View all literature mentionsBiobank provides data collected at Assessment Center and via online questionnaires on participants aged 40-69 years recruited throughout United Kingdom and provides summary information to improve prevention, diagnosis and treatment of serious and life threatening illnesses.
View all literature mentionsPlatform for mediation and integration of schizophrenia neuroimaging-related databases. It provides access to federated databases, novel mediation software, and large-scale data-sharing features.
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