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Metals often exhibit robust catalytic activity and specific selectivity when downsized into subnanoscale clusters and even atomic dispersion owing to the high atom utilization and unique electronic properties. However, loading of atomically dispersed metal on solid supports with high metal contents for practical catalytic applications remains a synthetic bottleneck. Here, we report the use of mesoporous sulfur-doped carbons as supports to achieve high-loading atomically dispersed noble metal catalysts. The high sulfur content and large surface area endow the supports with high-density anchor sites for fixing metal atoms via the strong chemical metal-sulfur interactions. By the sulfur-tethering strategy, we synthesize atomically dispersed Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, and Pt catalysts with high metal loading up to 10 wt %. The prepared Pt and Ir catalysts show 30- and 20-fold higher activity than the commercial Pt/C and Ir/C catalysts for catalyzing formic acid oxidation and quinoline hydrogenation, respectively.
Pubmed ID: 31692785
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Athena is a web-based application that warehouses disparate datatypes related to the control of gene expression. Athena provides several features to enable exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of Arabidopsis gene control. The first main tool we provide is visualization of promoter domains of selected genes. Database crossreference for these transcription factors is provided as well as a statistical test for enrichment of binding activity within the set of selected promoters. The data mining tools in Athena allow for selection of sets of genes based on two different factors. -Genes can be select by specifying a set of binding factors whose putative sites must be present within all of those genes'' promoter regions. -Alternatively, genes can be selected using Gene Ontology annotations. Both GO (Gene Ontology) Slim terms and Gene Ontology terms are available. One can select a set of genes by either choosing a union of the genes annotated by a selected set of Slim terms or Gene Ontology terms. The selected gene''s putative binding factors are listed, including enrichment data. Furthermore, enriched presence of Gene Ontology terms is given. The analysis suite provides both enhanced data mining tools for selecting genes as well as several data displays.
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