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Previous studies suggest that in adolescents and young adults, evening chronotype is a subclinical factor in physical, cognitive, and psychiatric fitness; poor sleep habits and larger misalignment with the social schedule constraints may exacerbate symptoms of inattention, impulsivity and the risks for detrimental behaviors. The influence of chronotype on neurocognitive performance during morning hours and scores in self-reports about attention deficit symptoms (ADS) and executive functioning, was explored in 42 healthy young university students (29 women), divided to evening type (ET) and combined morning/intermediate type (MT/IT) groups. Evening chronotypes scored significantly higher in the questionnaires of inattention Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS-6) (MT/IT: 1.62 ± 1.59; ET: 2.71 ± 1.62, p < 0.05) and day-time sleepiness Epworth scale (MT/IT: 7.19 ± 5.17; ET: 11.48 ± 5.26, p < 0.01), reported lower subjective alertness (MT/IT: 63.02 ± 21.40; ET: 40.76 ± 17.43, p < 0.001), and had slower reaction times (MT/IT: 321.47 ± 76.81; ET: 358.94 ± 75.16, p < 0.05) during tests, compared to non-evening chronotypes. Nevertheless, ETs did not significantly differ in self-reports of executive functioning in the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Functions-A (BRIEF-A) from non-ETs. The scores on standard self-report screening tools for ADS and executive functioning (ASRS-6, BRIEF-A-Metacognition) correlated with eveningness. We conclude that eveningness, subjective sleepiness and low arousal levels during morning can present as subclinical Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms in typical young adults with no evident sleep problems. Self-report based screening tools for ADS and executive functioning reflect chronotype-related traits in healthy young adults. Strong eveningness may bias the results of neurocognitive performance screening for ADHD when administered at morning hours.
Pubmed ID: 31275209
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Software package used for interactive, or batched, statistical analysis in social science, health sciences and marketing. Software platform offers advanced statistical analysis, a library of machine-learning algorithms, text analysis, open-source extensibility, integration with big data and deployment into applications.Versions that were produced by SPSS Inc. before the IBM acquisition (Versions 18 and earlier) would be given origin or publisher of SPSS Inc. in Chicago.
View all literature mentionsCommercial instrument supplier for human activity monitors. ActiGraph devices are used by researchers and clinicians in hundreds of universities and research organizations in more than 56 countries. ActiGraph activity monitors are the most validated and widely used devices of their kind. ActiGraph activity monitors use triaxial accelerometers and our validated proprietary filtering algorithms to accurately measure the amount and intensity of human activity. They are powered by rechargeable lithium ion batteries, and battery charging and communication are accomplished via a standard USB connection. All ActiGraph activity monitors can be worn at the waist or wrist and are suitable for subjects of all ages. ActiGraph devices have been used in hundreds of research studies in nearly 60 countries around the world since 1992. Leading research facilities including the U.S. National Institute of Health (NIH), the Institute of Child Health in the UK, and Karolinska Institutet in Sweden rely on our products to provide objective activity measurement in dozens of areas including obesity, diabetes, sleep, elderly behavior, and athletics. ActiGraph often works with scientific organizations to develop and implement software and hardware features that reflect the evolving needs of the research community. ActiGraph devices are well recognized as some of the most accurate activity measurement products on the market. Extensive research has confirmed our accuracy against the VO2 and doubly labeled water (DLW) methods of estimating energy expenditure. Keywords: Device, Researcher, Clinician, University, Research, Organization, Obesity, Diabetes, Sleep, Elderly, Behavior, Athletics, Scientific, Activity monitor, Physical, Measurement, Human, Activity,
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