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Population divergence and gene flow in two East Asian shorebirds on the verge of speciation.

Keren R Sadanandan | Clemens Küpper | Gabriel W Low | Cheng-Te Yao | Yue Li | Tao Xu | Frank E Rheindt | Shaoyuan Wu
Scientific reports | 2019

Genetic isolation of populations over evolutionary time leads to the formation of independent species. We examined a pair of shorebirds - the Kentish Plover Charadrius alexandrinus and the enigmatic White-faced Plover C. dealbatus - which display strong plumage differentiation, yet show minimal genetic divergence based on previous mitochondrial and microsatellite work. Two scenarios may lead to this situation: (1) they represent clinal or poorly diverged populations with limited genomic differentiation despite substantial plumage variation, or (2) they are diverging taxa at the cusp of speciation, with ongoing limited gene flow obliterating signals of differentiation in traditional genetic markers. We compared the genotypes of 98 plovers (59 Kentish Plovers, 35 White-faced Plovers and 4 genomic hybrids) sampled in eastern Asia and Europe using ddRADSeq to harvest over 8000 genome-wide SNPs. In contrast to previous studies, our analyses revealed two well defined genomic clusters, with limited hybridization and a narrow contact zone. We also uncovered significant differences in bill length and further sex-specific differences in size, which may signal differences in mate choice between Kentish and White-faced Plovers. Our results support the hypothesis that this shorebird duo is on the verge of speciation.

Pubmed ID: 31189934

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


PLINK (tool)

RRID:SCR_001757

Open source whole genome association analysis toolset, designed to perform range of basic, large scale analyses in computationally efficient manner. Used for analysis of genotype/phenotype data. Through integration with gPLINK and Haploview, there is some support for subsequent visualization, annotation and storage of results. PLINK 1.9 is improved and second generation of the software.

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STRUCTURE (tool)

RRID:SCR_002151

Software package for using multi locus genotype data to investigate population structure. Used for inferring presence of distinct populations, assigning individuals to populations, studying hybrid zones, identifying migrants and admixed individuals, and estimating population allele frequencies in situations where many individuals are migrants or admixed. Can be applied to most of commonly used genetic markers, including SNPS, microsatellites, RFLPs and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms.

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Stacks (tool)

RRID:SCR_003184

A software pipeline for building loci from short-read sequences, such as those generated on the Illumina platform. It was developed to work with restriction enzyme-based data, such as RAD-seq, for the purpose of building genetic maps and conducting population genomics and phylogeography.

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New England Biolabs (tool)

RRID:SCR_013517

An Antibody supplier

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STRUCTURE (tool)

RRID:SCR_017637

Software package for using multi locus genotype data to investigate population structure. Used for inferring presence of distinct populations, assigning individuals to populations, studying hybrid zones, identifying migrants and admixed individuals, and estimating population allele frequencies in situations where many individuals are migrants or admixed. Can be applied to most of commonly used genetic markers, including SNPS, microsatellites, RFLPs and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms.

View all literature mentions