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Mushroom body (MB) is a prominent structure essential for olfactory learning and memory in the Drosophila brain. The development of the MB involves the appropriate guidance of axon lobes and sister axon branches. Appropriate guidance that accurately shapes MB development requires the integration of various guidance cues provided by a series of cell types, which guide axons to reach their final positions within the MB neuropils. Netrins are axonal guidance molecules that are conserved regulators of embryonic nerve cord patterning. However, whether they contribute to MB morphogenesis has not yet been evaluated. Here, we find that Netrin-B (NetB) is highly expressed in the MB lobes, regulating lobe length through genetic interactions with the receptors Frazzled and Uncoordinated-5 from 24 h after pupal formation onwards. We observe that overexpression of NetB causes severe β lobe fusion in the MB, which is similar to the MB defects seen in the Drosophila model of fragile X syndrome (FXS). Our results further show that fragile-X mental retardation protein FMRP inhibits the translational activity of human ortholog Netrin-1 (NTN1). Knock-down of NetB significantly rescues the MB defects and ameliorates deficits in the learning and memory in FXS model Drosophila. These results indicate a critical role for NetB in MB lobe extension and identify NetB as a novel target of FMRP which contributes to learning and memory.
Pubmed ID: 31138234
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Software package providing an approximation method to determine relative gene expression with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) experiments. It requires no standard curve for each primer-target pair, therefore reducing the working load and yet returning accurate enough results as long as the assumptions of the amplification efficiency hold. The package implements a pipeline to collect, analyze and visualize qRT-PCR results, for example those from TaqMan SDM software, mainly using the ddCt method. The pipeline can be either invoked by a script in command-line or through the API consisting of S4-Classes, methods and functions.
View all literature mentionsCommercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.
View all literature mentionsA commercial antibody supplier which supplies primary and secondary antibodies, biochemicals, proteins, peptides, lysates, immunoassays and other kits.
View all literature mentionsCell line HEK293 is a Transformed cell line with a species of origin Homo sapiens (Human)
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{w[+m*]=GAL4}repo/TM3, Sb[1] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*] TI{TI}NetB[tm] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118] NetA[Delta] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] w[*]; Mi{y[+mDint2]=MIC}unc-5[MI04273] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{w[+mW.hs]=FRT(w[hs])}G13 fra[3]/CyO, P{w[+m*]=lacZ.w[+]}276 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] sc[*] v[1] sev[21]; P{y[+t7.7] v[+t1.8]=TRiP.HMS01099}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[*] w[*] NetB[Delta] from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] sc[*] v[1] sev[21]; P{y[+t7.7] v[+t1.8]=TRiP.HMS01147}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name y[1] w[*]; betaTub60D[Pin-Yt]/CyO; P{w[+mC]=UAS-mCD8::GFP.L}LL6 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name Dp(?;2)bw[D], Dscam1[1] bw[D]/CyO from BDSC.
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