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Diversified secondary metabolite biosynthesis gene repertoire revealed in symbiotic dinoflagellates.

Girish Beedessee | Kanako Hisata | Michael C Roy | Frances M Van Dolah | Noriyuki Satoh | Eiichi Shoguchi
Scientific reports | 2019

Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates possess smaller nuclear genomes than other dinoflagellates and produce structurally specialized, biologically active, secondary metabolites. Till date, little is known about the evolution of secondary metabolism in dinoflagellates as comparative genomic approaches have been hampered by their large genome sizes. Here, we overcome this challenge by combining genomic and metabolomics approaches to investigate how chemical diversity arises in three decoded Symbiodiniaceae genomes (clades A3, B1 and C). Our analyses identify extensive diversification of polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase genes from two newly decoded genomes of Symbiodinium tridacnidorum (A3) and Cladocopium sp. (C). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that almost all the gene families are derived from lineage-specific gene duplications in all three clades, suggesting divergence for environmental adaptation. Few metabolic pathways are conserved among the three clades and we detect metabolic similarity only in the recently diverged clades, B1 and C. We establish that secondary metabolism protein architecture guides substrate specificity and that gene duplication and domain shuffling have resulted in diversification of secondary metabolism genes.

Pubmed ID: 30718591

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GenBank (tool)

RRID:SCR_002760

NIH genetic sequence database that provides annotated collection of all publicly available DNA sequences for almost 280 000 formally described species (Jan 2014) .These sequences are obtained primarily through submissions from individual laboratories and batch submissions from large-scale sequencing projects, including whole-genome shotgun (WGS) and environmental sampling projects. Most submissions are made using web-based BankIt or standalone Sequin programs, and GenBank staff assigns accession numbers upon data receipt. It is part of International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration and daily data exchange with European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) and DNA Data Bank of Japan (DDBJ) ensures worldwide coverage. GenBank is accessible through NCBI Entrez retrieval system, which integrates data from major DNA and protein sequence databases along with taxonomy, genome, mapping, protein structure and domain information, and biomedical journal literature via PubMed. BLAST provides sequence similarity searches of GenBank and other sequence databases. Complete bimonthly releases and daily updates of GenBank database are available by FTP.

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FigTree (tool)

RRID:SCR_008515

A graphical viewer of phylogenetic trees and a program for producing publication-ready figures. It is designed to display summarized and annotated trees produced by BEAST.

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MUSCLE (tool)

RRID:SCR_011812

Multiple sequence alignment method with reduced time and space complexity.Multiple sequence alignment with high accuracy and high throughput. Data analysis service for multiple sequence comparison by log- expectation.

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MrBayes (tool)

RRID:SCR_012067

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE.Documented on February 28,2023. Software program for Bayesian inference and model choice across a wide range of phylogenetic and evolutionary models.

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