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Superadsorbent hydrogel was prepared from lignin and montmorillonite for Cu(II) ions removal, and the chemical structure and morphology of the hydrogel were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM and XPS. The swelling kinetics of the prepared hydrogel was investigated, and the result showed that the swelling process fit the Schott second-order dynamic equation. The influences of pH, contact time, Na+ concentration, and initial Cu(II) ion concentration on adsorption were studied, and the maximum adsorption value was 1.17 mmol/g, and the adsorption was rapid during the initial 5 h period, and copper ions adsorption on the superadsorbent hydrogel is a favorable process. The results also indicated that the adsorption kinetics was in accordance with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the adsorption isotherm conformed to the Freundlich model. FT-IR and XPS analysis revealed that the adsorption behavior was mainly due to ion exchange. The desorption ratios of copper ions from the superadsorbent were >0.8, and the regeneration efficiency was >80% after five cycles reuse, and the results show the excellent desorption performance and reusability of the prepared hydrogel.
Pubmed ID: 30660568
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Central repository for high quality frequently updated manual annotation of vertebrate finished genome sequence. Human, mouse and zebrafish are in the process of being completely annotated, whereas for other species the annotation is only of specific genomic regions of particular biological interest. The majority of the annotation is from the HAVANA group at the Welcome Trust Sanger Institute. Users can BLAST, search for specific text, export, and download data. Genomes and details of the projects for each species are available through the homepages for human mouse and zebrafish. The website is built upon code from the EnsEMBL (http://www.ensembl.org) project. Some Ensembl features are not available in Vega. From the users point of view perhaps the most significant of these is MartView. However due to their inclusion in Ensembl, Vega human and mouse data can be queried using Ensembl MartView. Vega contains annotation of the human MHC region in eight haplotypes, and the LRC region in three haplotypes. Vega also contains annotation on the Insulin Dependent Diabetes (IDD) regions on non-reference assemblies for mouse.
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