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Genetic effects on promoter usage are highly context-specific and contribute to complex traits.

Kaur Alasoo | Julia Rodrigues | John Danesh | Daniel F Freitag | Dirk S Paul | Daniel J Gaffney
eLife | 2019

Genetic variants regulating RNA splicing and transcript usage have been implicated in both common and rare diseases. Although transcript usage quantitative trait loci (tuQTLs) have been mapped across multiple cell types and contexts, it is challenging to distinguish between the main molecular mechanisms controlling transcript usage: promoter choice, splicing and 3' end choice. Here, we analysed RNA-seq data from human macrophages exposed to three inflammatory and one metabolic stimulus. In addition to conventional gene-level and transcript-level analyses, we also directly quantified promoter usage, splicing and 3' end usage. We found that promoters, splicing and 3' ends were predominantly controlled by independent genetic variants enriched in distinct genomic features. Promoter usage QTLs were also 50% more likely to be context-specific than other tuQTLs and constituted 25% of the transcript-level colocalisations with complex traits. Thus, promoter usage might be an underappreciated molecular mechanism mediating complex trait associations in a context-specific manner.

Pubmed ID: 30618377

Associated grants

  • Agency: Medical Research Council, United Kingdom
    Id: MR/L003120/1
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation, United Kingdom
    Id: RG/13/13/30194
  • Agency: Wellcome, International
    Id: WT098503
  • Agency: Estonian Research Council, International
    Id: MOBJD67
  • Agency: Wellcome Trust, United Kingdom
  • Agency: Estonian Research Council, International
    Id: IUT34-4
  • Agency: British Heart Foundation Cambridge Centre of Excellence, International
    Id: RE/13/6/30180
  • Agency: Wellcome, International
    Id: WT09805
  • Agency: Wellcome, International
    Id: WT099754/Z/12/Z

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