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Command-like descending neurons can induce many behaviors, such as backward locomotion, escape, feeding, courtship, egg-laying, or grooming (we define 'command-like neuron' as a neuron whose activation elicits or 'commands' a specific behavior). In most animals, it remains unknown how neural circuits switch between antagonistic behaviors: via top-down activation/inhibition of antagonistic circuits or via reciprocal inhibition between antagonistic circuits. Here, we use genetic screens, intersectional genetics, circuit reconstruction by electron microscopy, and functional optogenetics to identify a bilateral pair of Drosophila larval 'mooncrawler descending neurons' (MDNs) with command-like ability to coordinately induce backward locomotion and block forward locomotion; the former by stimulating a backward-active premotor neuron, and the latter by disynaptic inhibition of a forward-specific premotor neuron. In contrast, direct monosynaptic reciprocal inhibition between forward and backward circuits was not observed. Thus, MDNs coordinate a transition between antagonistic larval locomotor behaviors. Interestingly, larval MDNs persist into adulthood, where they can trigger backward walking. Thus, MDNs induce backward locomotion in both limbless and limbed animals.
Pubmed ID: 30070205
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Statistical analysis software that combines scientific graphing, comprehensive curve fitting (nonlinear regression), understandable statistics, and data organization. Designed for biological research applications in pharmacology, physiology, and other biological fields for data analysis, hypothesis testing, and modeling.
View all literature mentionsVector graphics software to create digital graphics, illustrations, and typography for several types of media: print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.
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View all literature mentionsSoftware package as distribution of ImageJ and ImageJ2 together with Java, Java3D and plugins organized into coherent menu structure. Used to assist research in life sciences.
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View all literature mentionsCollects, maintains and distributes Drosophila melanogaster strains for research. Emphasis is placed on genetic tools that are useful to a broad range of investigations. These include basic stocks of flies used in genetic analysis such as marker, balancer, mapping, and transposon-tagging strains; mutant alleles of identified genes, including a large set of transposable element insertion alleles; defined sets of deficiencies and a variety of other chromosomal aberrations; engineered lines for somatic and germline clonal analysis; GAL4 and UAS lines for targeted gene expression; enhancer trap and lacZ-reporter strains with defined expression patterns for marking tissues; and a collection of transposon-induced lethal mutations.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR94E10-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=UAS-CaMPARI}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=8XLexAop2-IVS-GAL80-WPRE}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=20XUAS-IVS-GCaMP6m}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; PBac{y[+mDint2] w[+mC]=20XUAS-IVS-NES-jRCaMP1b-p10}VK00005 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118] P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=13XLexAop2-IVS-CsChrimson.mVenus}attP18 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=lexAop(FRT.mCherry)ReaChR}su(Hw)attP5/CyO from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=UAS-CaMPARI}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR75C02-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR75C02-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=lexAop(FRT.mCherry)ReaChR}su(Hw)attP5/CyO from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118] P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=hs-FLPG5.PEST}attP3; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=10xUAS(FRT.stop)myr::smGdP-OLLAS}attP2 PBac{y[+mDint2] w[+mC]=10xUAS(FRT.stop)myr::smGdP-HA}VK00005 P{10xUAS(FRT.stop)myr::smGdP-V5-THS-10xUAS(FRT.stop)myr::smGdP-FLAG}su(Hw)attP1 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR94E10-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR36G02-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=20XUAS-IVS-GCaMP6m}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118] P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=hs-FLPG5.PEST}attP3; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=10xUAS(FRT.stop)myr::smGdP-OLLAS}attP2 PBac{y[+mDint2] w[+mC]=10xUAS(FRT.stop)myr::smGdP-HA}VK00005 P{10xUAS(FRT.stop)myr::smGdP-V5-THS-10xUAS(FRT.stop)myr::smGdP-FLAG}su(Hw)attP1 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118] P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=13XLexAop2-IVS-CsChrimson.mVenus}attP18 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR53F07-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=13XLexAop2-IVS-CsChrimson.mVenus}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118] P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=hs-FLPG5.PEST}attP3 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; PBac{y[+mDint2] w[+mC]=20XUAS-IVS-NES-jRCaMP1b-p10}VK00005 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[*]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=8XLexAop2-IVS-GAL80-WPRE}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=13XLexAop2-IVS-CsChrimson.mVenus}attP40 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR53F07-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118] P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=hs-FLPG5.PEST}attP3 from BDSC.
View all literature mentionsDrosophila melanogaster with name w[1118]; P{y[+t7.7] w[+mC]=GMR36G02-GAL4}attP2 from BDSC.
View all literature mentions