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Identification and validation of reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis in mulberry (Morus alba L.).

Fanwei Dai | Xiting Zhao | Cuiming Tang | Zhenjiang Wang | Zheshi Kuang | Zhiyi Li | Jing Huang | Guoqing Luo
PloS one | 2018

Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is an important economic tree species in many countries. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT-PCR) has become a widely used method for gene expression studies in plants. A suitable reference gene is essential to ensure accurate and reliable results for qRT-PCR analyses. However, no reports describing the selection of reference genes have been published for mulberry. In this work, we evaluated the stability of twenty candidate reference genes in different plant tissues and under different stress conditions by qRT-PCR in mulberry using algorithms in two programs-geNorm and NormFinder. The results revealed that TUB2, UBI4, ACTIN3 and RPL4 were ranked as the most stable reference genes in the samples subsets, whereas EF1α4 and TUB3showed the least stability with both algorithms. To further validate the stability of the reference genes, the expression patterns of six genes of mulberry were analyzed by normalization with the selected reference genes. Our study will benefit future analyses of gene expression in mulberry.

Pubmed ID: 29543877

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


Thermo Fisher Scientific (tool)

RRID:SCR_008452

Commercial vendor and service provider of laboratory reagents and antibodies. Supplier of scientific instrumentation, reagents and consumables, and software services.

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NormFinder (tool)

RRID:SCR_003387

Software for identifying the optimal normalization gene among a set of candidates. It ranks the set of candidate normalization genes according to their expression stability in a given sample set and given experimental design. It can analyze expression data obtained through any quantitative method e.g. real time RT-PCR and microarray based expression analysis. NormFinder.xla adds the NormFinder functionality directly to Excel. A version for R is also available.

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geNORM (tool)

RRID:SCR_006763

Software to determine most stable reference (housekeeping) genes from set of tested candidate reference genes in given sample panel. From this, gene expression normalization factor can be calculated for each sample based geometric mean of user-defined number of reference genes.

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Microsoft Excel (tool)

RRID:SCR_016137

Software application with data analysis tools and spreadsheet templates to track and visualize data. It is used to manage and process data.

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