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At physiological protein levels, the slow HOPS- and SNARE-dependent fusion which occurs upon complete SNARE zippering is stimulated by Sec17 and Sec18:ATP without requiring ATP hydrolysis. To stimulate, Sec17 needs its central residues which bind the 0-layer of the SNARE complex and its N-terminal apolar loop. Adding a transmembrane anchor to the N-terminus of Sec17 bypasses this requirement for apolarity of the Sec17 loop, suggesting that the loop functions for membrane binding rather than to trigger bilayer rearrangement. In contrast, when complete C-terminal SNARE zippering is prevented, fusion strictly requires Sec18 and Sec17, and the Sec17 apolar loop has functions beyond membrane anchoring. Thus Sec17 and Sec18 act twice in the fusion cycle, binding to trans-SNARE complexes to accelerate fusion, then hydrolyzing ATP to disassemble cis-SNARE complexes.
Pubmed ID: 28718762
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Digitizer software which can convert graph images to useful (x,y) data by turning a scanner into an automatic graph digitizer. UN‑SCAN‑IT works with most image formats (TIFF, JPG, BMP, GIF, etc.) from any scanner, digital camera, or other image source to digitize plots, instrumental output, published graphs, etc. Its features include: automatically digitizing strip chart and xy recorder output, digitizing graphs that are on different scales to compare results, comparing data with published graphs of other investigators, digitizing old plots and charts for comparison with new data, and re‑scaling and appending existing printed graphs.
View all literature mentionsDigitizer software which can convert graph images to useful (x,y) data by turning a scanner into an automatic graph digitizer. UN‑SCAN‑IT works with most image formats (TIFF, JPG, BMP, GIF, etc.) from any scanner, digital camera, or other image source to digitize plots, instrumental output, published graphs, etc. Its features include: automatically digitizing strip chart and xy recorder output, digitizing graphs that are on different scales to compare results, comparing data with published graphs of other investigators, digitizing old plots and charts for comparison with new data, and re‑scaling and appending existing printed graphs.
View all literature mentions