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Bidirectional gene pairs tend to be highly coregulated and function in similar biological processes in eukaryotic genomes. Structural features and functional consequences of bidirectional promoters (BDPs) have received considerable attention among diverse species. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for the bidirectional transcription and coexpression of BDPs remain poorly understood in plants. In this study, we integrated DNase-seq, RNA-seq, ChIP-seq and MNase-seq data and investigated the effect of physical DNase I hypersensitive site (DHS) positions on the transcription of rice BDPs. We found that the physical position of a DHS relative to the TSS of bidirectional gene pairs can affect the expression of the corresponding genes: the closer a DHS is to the TSS, the higher is the expression level of the genes. Most importantly, we observed that the distribution of DHSs plays a significant role in the regulation of transcription and the coexpression of gene pairs, which are possibly mediated by orchestrating the positioning of histone marks and canonical nucleosomes around BDPs. Our results demonstrate that the combined actions of chromatin structures with DHSs, which contain functional cis-elements for interaction with transcriptional machinery, may play an important role in the regulation of the bidirectional transcription or coexpression in rice BDPs. Our findings may help to enhance the understanding of DHSs in the regulation of bidirectional gene pairs.
Pubmed ID: 27558448
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Functional genomics data repository supporting MIAME-compliant data submissions. Includes microarray-based experiments measuring the abundance of mRNA, genomic DNA, and protein molecules, as well as non-array-based technologies such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and mass spectrometry proteomic technology. Array- and sequence-based data are accepted. Collection of curated gene expression DataSets, as well as original Series and Platform records. The database can be searched using keywords, organism, DataSet type and authors. DataSet records contain additional resources including cluster tools and differential expression queries.
View all literature mentionsA software package that generates a continuous tag sequence density estimation allowing identification of biologically meaningful sites whose output can be displayed directly in the UCSC Genome Browser.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for fast and high throughput alignment of shotgun cDNA sequencing reads generated by transcriptomics technologies. Fast splice junction mapper for RNA-Seq reads. Aligns RNA-Seq reads to mammalian-sized genomes using ultra high-throughput short read aligner Bowtie, and then analyzes mapping results to identify splice junctions between exons.TopHat2 is accurate alignment of transcriptomes in presence of insertions, deletions and gene fusions.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool for transcriptome assembly and differential expression analysis for RNA-Seq. Includes script called cuffmerge that can be used to merge together several Cufflinks assemblies. It also handles running Cuffcompare as well as automatically filtering a number of transfrags that are likely to be artifacts. If the researcher has a reference GTF file, the researcher can provide it to the script to more effectively merge novel isoforms and maximize overall assembly quality.
View all literature mentionsSet of software modules for performing common ChIP-seq data analysis tasks across the whole genome, including positional correlation analysis, peak detection, and genome partitioning into signal-rich and signal-poor regions. The tools are designed to be simple, fast and highly modular. Each program carries out a well defined data processing procedure that can potentially fit into a pipeline framework. ChIP-Seq is also freely available on a Web interface.
View all literature mentionsFunctional genomics data repository supporting MIAME-compliant data submissions. Includes microarray-based experiments measuring the abundance of mRNA, genomic DNA, and protein molecules, as well as non-array-based technologies such as serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) and mass spectrometry proteomic technology. Array- and sequence-based data are accepted. Collection of curated gene expression DataSets, as well as original Series and Platform records. The database can be searched using keywords, organism, DataSet type and authors. DataSet records contain additional resources including cluster tools and differential expression queries.
View all literature mentionsThe TIGR database is a collection of plant transcript sequences. Transcript assemblies are searchable using BLAST and accession number. The construction of plant transcript assemblies (TAs) is similar to the TIGR gene indices. The sequences that are used to build the plant TAs are expressed transcripts collected from dbEST (ESTs) and the NCBI GenBank nucleotide database (full length and partial cDNAs). "Virtual" transcript sequences derived from whole genome annotation projects are not included. All plant species for which more than 1,000 ESTs or cDNA sequences are available are included in this project. TAs are clustered and assembled using the TGICL tool (Pertea et al., 2003), Megablast (Zhang et al., 2000) and the CAP3 assembler (Huang and Madan, 1999). TGICL is a wrapper script which invokes Megablast and CAP3. Sequences are initially clustered based on an all-against-all comparisons using Megablast. The initial clusters are assembled to generate consensus sequences using CAP3. Assembly criteria include a 50 bp minimum match, 95% minimum identity in the overlap region and 20 bp maximum unmatched overhangs. Any EST/cDNA sequences that are not assembled into TAs are included as singletons. All singletons retain their GenBank accession numbers as identifiers. Plant TA identifiers are of the form TAnumber_taxonID, where number is a unique numerical identifier of the transcript assembly and taxonID represents the NCBI taxon id. In order to provide annotation for the TAs, each TA/singleton was aligned to the UniProt Uniref database. For release 1 TAs, a masked version of the Uniref90 database was used. For release 2 and onwards, a masked version of the UniRef100 database is used. Alignments were required to have at least 20% identity and 20% coverage. The annotation for the protein with the best alignment to each TA or singleton was used as the annotation for that sequence. Additionally, the relative orientation of each TA/singleton to the best matching protein sequence was used to determine the orientation of each TA/singleton. Some sequences did not have alignments to the protein database that met our quality criteria, and those sequences have neither annotation nor orientation assignments. The release number for the plant TAs refers to the release version for a particular species. For the initial build, all TA sets are of version 1. Subsequent TA updates for new releases will be carried out when the percentage increase of the EST and cDNA counts exceeds 10% of the previous release and when the increase contains more than 1,000 new sequences. New releases will also include additional plant species with more than 1,000 EST or cDNA sequences that have become publicly available.
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