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The programming of cell fate by transcription factors requires precise regulation of their time and level of expression. The LIM-homeodomain transcription factor Islet1 (Isl1) is involved in cell-fate specification of motor neurons, and it may play a similar role in the inner ear. In order to study its role in the regulation of vestibulo-motor development, we investigated a transgenic mouse expressing Isl1 under the Pax2 promoter control (Tg +/- ). The transgenic mice show altered level, time, and place of expression of Isl1 but are viable. However, Tg +/- mice exhibit hyperactivity, including circling behavior, and progressive age-related decline in hearing, which has been reported previously. Here, we describe the molecular and morphological changes in the cerebellum and vestibular system that may cause the hyperactivity of Tg +/- mice. The transgene altered the formation of folia in the cerebellum, the distribution of calretinin labeled unipolar brush cells, and reduced the size of the cerebellum, inferior colliculus, and saccule. Age-related progressive reduction of calbindin expression was detected in Purkinje cells in the transgenic cerebella. The hyperactivity of Tg +/- mice is reduced upon the administration of picrotoxin, a non-competitive channel blocker for the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor chloride channels. This suggests that the overexpression of Isl1 significantly affects the functions of GABAergic neurons. We demonstrate that the overexpression of Isl1 affects the development and function of the cerebello-vestibular system, resulting in hyperactivity.
Pubmed ID: 26843111
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Software library for processing of electroencephalogram (EEG) and other biomedical signals like electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocorticogram (ECoG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electrooculogram (EOG), electromyogram (EMG), respiration, and so on. Biosig contains tools for quality control, artifact processing, time series analysis, feature extraction, classification and machine learning, and tools for statistical analysis. Many tools are able to handle data with missing values (statistics, time series analysis, machine learning). Another feature is that more then 40 different data formats are supported, and a number of converters for EEG,, ECG and polysomnography are provided. Biosig has been widely used for scientific research on EEG-based BraiN-Computer Interfaces (BCI), sleep research, and ECG and HRV analysis. It provides software interfaces several programming languages (C, C++, Matlab/Octave, Python), and it provides also an interactive viewing and scoring software for adding, and editing of annotations, markers and events.
View all literature mentionsA contract research organization providing drug development and animal testing services. Under the name Covance Research Products Inc., based in Denver, Pennsylvania, the company also deals in the import, breeding and sale of laboratory animals. It breeds dogs, rabbits, guinea pigs, non-human primates, and pigs, and runs the largest non-human primate laboratory in Germany. (Wikipedia)
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