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Gut bacteria are rarely shared by co-hospitalized premature infants, regardless of necrotizing enterocolitis development.

Tali Raveh-Sadka | Brian C Thomas | Andrea Singh | Brian Firek | Brandon Brooks | Cindy J Castelle | Itai Sharon | Robyn Baker | Misty Good | Michael J Morowitz | Jillian F Banfield
eLife | 2015

Premature infants are highly vulnerable to aberrant gastrointestinal tract colonization, a process that may lead to diseases like necrotizing enterocolitis. Thus, spread of potential pathogens among hospitalized infants is of great concern. Here, we reconstructed hundreds of high-quality genomes of microorganisms that colonized co-hospitalized premature infants, assessed their metabolic potential, and tracked them over time to evaluate bacterial strain dispersal among infants. We compared microbial communities in infants who did and did not develop necrotizing enterocolitis. Surprisingly, while potentially pathogenic bacteria of the same species colonized many infants, our genome-resolved analysis revealed that strains colonizing each baby were typically distinct. In particular, no strain was common to all infants who developed necrotizing enterocolitis. The paucity of shared gut colonizers suggests the existence of significant barriers to the spread of bacteria among infants. Importantly, we demonstrate that strain-resolved comprehensive community analysis can be accomplished on potentially medically relevant time scales.

Pubmed ID: 25735037

Associated grants

  • Agency: NIDDK NIH HHS, United States
    Id: K08 DK101608
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 AI092531
  • Agency: NIAID NIH HHS, United States
    Id: 5R01AI092531

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


NCBI Sequence Read Archive (SRA) (tool)

RRID:SCR_004891

Repository of raw sequencing data from next generation of sequencing platforms including including Roche 454 GS System, Illumina Genome Analyzer, Applied Biosystems SOLiD System, Helicos Heliscope, Complete Genomics, and Pacific Biosciences SMRT. In addition to raw sequence data, SRA now stores alignment information in form of read placements on reference sequence. Data submissions are welcome. Archive of high throughput sequencing data,part of international partnership of archives (INSDC) at NCBI, European Bioinformatics Institute and DNA Database of Japan. Data submitted to any of this three organizations are shared among them.

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Sickle (tool)

RRID:SCR_006800

Software tool for windowed adaptive trimming for fastq files using quality. Supports quality values like Illumina, Solexa, and Sanger. Takes the quality values and slides a window across them whose length is 0.1 times the length of the read.

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tRNAscan-SE (tool)

RRID:SCR_010835

Web server to search for tRNA genes in genomic sequence. If you would like to run tRNAscan-SE locally, you can get the UNIX source code (gzip''d tar file).

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Infernal (tool)

RRID:SCR_011809

Software for searching DNA sequence databases for RNA structure and sequence similarities.

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Geneious (tool)

RRID:SCR_010519

Software package for sequence alignment, assembly and analysis. Integrated and extendable desktop software platform for organization and analysis of sequence data. Bioinformatics software platform packed with molecular biology and sequence analysis tools.

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UniRef (tool)

RRID:SCR_010646

Databases which provide clustered sets of sequences from UniProt Knowledgebase and selected UniParc records, in order to obtain complete coverage of sequence space at several resolutions while hiding redundant sequences from view. The UniRef100 database combines identical sequences and sub-fragments with 11 or more residues (from any organism) into a single UniRef entry. The sequence of a representative protein, the accession numbers of all the merged entries, and links to the corresponding UniProtKB and UniParc records are all displayed in the entry. UniRef90 and UniRef50 are built by clustering UniRef100 sequences with 11 or more residues such that each cluster is composed of sequences that have at least 90% (UniRef90) or 50% (UniRef50) sequence identity to the longest sequence (UniRef seed sequence). All the sequences in each cluster are ranked to facilitate the selection of a representative sequence for the cluster.

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MAFFT (tool)

RRID:SCR_011811

Software package as multiple alignment program for amino acid or nucleotide sequences. Can align up to 500 sequences or maximum file size of 1 MB. First version of MAFFT used algorithm based on progressive alignment, in which sequences were clustered with help of Fast Fourier Transform. Subsequent versions have added other algorithms and modes of operation, including options for faster alignment of large numbers of sequences, higher accuracy alignments, alignment of non-coding RNA sequences, and addition of new sequences to existing alignments.

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tRNAscan-SE (tool)

RRID:SCR_008637

Web server to search for tRNA genes in genomic sequence. If you would like to run tRNAscan-SE locally, you can get the UNIX source code (gzip''d tar file).

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Bio-Rad QuantaSoft Analysis Pro (tool)

RRID:SCR_025321

Software analysis tool that enables data analysis of multiplex experiments and advanced applications and assay strategies for Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR). For use with data files generated on QX100 or QX200 Droplet Reader using QuantSoft Standard Edition Software versions 1.4 or later.

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