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In hypertension (HTN), cerebral blood flow regulation limits are changed, and the threshold for blood pressure (BP) at which perfusion is safely maintained is higher. This shift may increase the brain's vulnerability to lower BP in subjects with vascular disease. We investigated whether longitudinal reduction in mean arterial pressure (MAP) was related to changes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease in a group of cognitively healthy elderly with and without HTN. The relationships among MAP, memory decline, and hippocampal atrophy were also examined. Seventy-seven subjects (age 63.4 ± 9.4, range 44-86 years; education 16.9 ± 2.1, range 10-22 years; 60% women) were assessed twice, 2 ± 0.5 years apart. At both time points, all subjects underwent full medical and neuropsychological evaluations, lumbar punctures, and magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Twenty-five subjects had HTN. Hyper- and normotensive subjects did not differ in their CSF biomarkers, hippocampal volumes (HipVs), or memory scores at baseline. In the entire study group, the increase in tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau(181)) was associated with a decline in verbal episodic memory (β = -0.30, p = 0.01) and HipV reduction (β = -0.27, p = 0.02). However, longitudinal decrease in MAP was related to memory decline (β = 0.50, p = 0.01) and an increase in p-tau(181) (β = -0.50, p = 0.01) only in subjects with HTN. Our findings suggest that the hypertensive group may be sensitive to BP reductions.
Pubmed ID: 23969178
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Open source software suite for processing and analyzing human brain MRI images. Used for reconstruction of brain cortical surface from structural MRI data, and overlay of functional MRI data onto reconstructed surface. Contains automatic structural imaging stream for processing cross sectional and longitudinal data. Provides anatomical analysis tools, including: representation of cortical surface between white and gray matter, representation of the pial surface, segmentation of white matter from rest of brain, skull stripping, B1 bias field correction, nonlinear registration of cortical surface of individual with stereotaxic atlas, labeling of regions of cortical surface, statistical analysis of group morphometry differences, and labeling of subcortical brain structures.Operating System: Linux, macOS.
View all literature mentionsA numeric scale used to quantify the severity of symptoms of dementia (i.e. its stage). Using a structured-interview protocol, a qualified health professional assesses a patient's cognitive and functional performance in six areas: memory, orientation, judgment and problem solving, community affairs, home and hobbies, and personal care. Scores in each of these are combined to obtain a composite score ranging from 0 through 3. (Adapted from Wikipedia)
View all literature mentionsThe mission of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) is to prevent and cure diabetes and to improve the lives of all people affected by diabetes. We lead the fight against the deadly consequences of diabetes and fight for those affectedby diabetes. * We fund research to prevent, cure and manage diabetes. * We deliver services to hundreds of communities. * We provide objective and credible information. * We give voice to those denied their rights because of diabetes.
View all literature mentionsMRIcro allows Windows and Linux computers view medical images. It is a standalone program, but includes tools to complement SPM (software that allows neuroimagers to analyze MRI, fMRI and PET images). MRIcro allows efficient viewing and exporting of brain images. In addition, it allows neuropsychologists to identify regions of interest (ROIs, e.g. lesions). MRIcro can create Analyze format headers for exporting brain images to other platforms. Some features of MRIcro are: - Converts medical images to SPM friendly Analyze format. - View Analyze format images (big or little endian). - Create Analyze format headers (big or little endian). - Create 3D regions of interest (with computed volume & intensity). - Overlap multiple regions of interest. - Rotate images to match SPM template images. - Export images to BMP, JPEG, PNG or TIF format. - Yoked images: linked viewing of multiple images (e.g. view same coordinates of PET and MRI scans). Users familiar with other Windows programs will find that this software is fairly straightforward to use. Resting the mouse cursor over a button will cause a text hint to appear over the button. However, a tutorial with a step by step guide of how to use MRIcro with SPM is available.
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