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The synthesis of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate (DXP), catalyzed by the enzyme DXP synthase (DXS), represents a key regulatory step of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis. In plants DXS is encoded by small multigene families that can be classified into, at least, three specialized subfamilies. Arabidopsis thaliana contains three genes encoding proteins with similarity to DXS, including the well-known DXS1/CLA1 gene, which clusters within subfamily I. The remaining proteins, initially named DXS2 and DXS3, have not yet been characterized. Here we report the expression and functional analysis of A. thaliana DXS2. Unexpectedly, the expression of DXS2 failed to rescue Escherichia coli and A. thaliana mutants defective in DXS activity. Coherently, we found that DXS activity was negligible in vitro, being renamed as DXL1 following recent nomenclature recommendation. DXL1 is targeted to plastids as DXS1, but shows a distinct expression pattern. The phenotypic analysis of a DXL1 defective mutant revealed that the function of the encoded protein is not essential for growth and development. Evolutionary analyses indicated that DXL1 emerged from DXS1 through a recent duplication apparently specific of the Brassicaceae lineage. Divergent selective constraints would have affected a significant fraction of sites after diversification of the paralogues. Furthermore, amino acids subjected to divergent selection and likely critical for functional divergence through the acquisition of a novel, although not yet known, biochemical function, were identified. Our results provide with the first evidences of functional specialization at both the regulatory and biochemical level within the plant DXS family.
Pubmed ID: 23154062
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National and international arabidopsis germplasm resource.Stores over million genotypes in physical stocks servicing worldwide Arabidopsis community in more than 50 countries. Stocks are provided under identical cost recovery conditions to academic and commercial researchers. Non-transgenic stocks are sent gratis to K-17 institutions and in special cases. Provides seed and information resources to International Arabidopsis Genome Programme and research community. Maintains accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana (and small number of other related species), including Characterized lines, Mapping populations, and Insertion lines. You may browse or search catalog.
View all literature mentionsA comparative platform for green plant genomics. Families of orthologous and paralogous genes that represent the modern descendents of ancestral gene sets are constructed at key phylogenetic nodes. These families allow easy access to clade specific orthology / paralogy relationships as well as clade specific genes and gene expansions. As of release v9.1, Phytozome provides access to forty-one sequenced and annotated green plant genomes which have been clustered into gene families at 20 evolutionarily significant nodes. Where possible, each gene has been annotated with PFAM, KOG, KEGG, and PANTHER assignments, and publicly available annotations from RefSeq, UniProt, TAIR, JGI are hyper-linked and searchable.
View all literature mentionsNASCArrays is the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre''s microarray database. Currently most of the data is for Arabidopsis thaliana experiments run by the NASC Affymetrix Facility. There are also experiments from other species, and experiments run by other centres too. NASCArrays is an Affymetrix microarray database. It contains free Affymetrix microarray data, and also features a series of tools allowing you to query that data in powerful ways. Most of the data currently comes from NASC''s Affymetrix Service. It also includes data from other sources, notably the AtGenExpress project. They currently distribute over 30,000 tubes of seed a year. There are currently the following data mining tools available. All of these tools allow you to type in a gene(s) of interest, and identify experiments or slides that you might be interested in: -Spot History: This tool allows you to see the pattern of gene expression over all slides in the database. Easily identify slides (and therefore experimental treatments) where genes are highly, lowly, or unusually expressed -Two gene scatter plot: This tool allows you to see the pattern of gene expression over all slides for two genes as a scatter plot. If you are interested in two genes, you can find out if they act in tandem, and highlight slides (and therefore experimental conditions) where these two genes behave in an unusual manner. -Gene Swinger: If you have a gene of interest, this tool will show you which experiment the gene expression varied most -Bulk Gene Download: This tool allows you to download the expression of a list of genes over all experiments. You can get all genes over all experiments (the entire database!) from the Super Bulk Gene Download Sponsors: This is a BBSRC funded consortium to provide services to the Arabidopsis community.
View all literature mentionsThe mission of the Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center (ABRC) is to acquire, preserve and distribute seed and DNA resources that are useful to the Arabidopsis research community. More than 100,000 stocks are shipped annually to researchers in more than 60 countries, and modest fees for stocks are charged. The ABRC database functions and ordering system are incorporated into The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR). Researchers can obtain information about Arabidopsis, perform stock searches, order stocks, and view current and past orders. Sponsors: ABRC is supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0542034.
View all literature mentionsA biology and bioinformatics laboratory at the Salk containing the following databases: SIGnAL T-DNA Express Arabidopsis Tiling Array Transcriptome Salk Insertion Sequence Database Arabidopsis Gene ORFeome Collection Salk Homozygote T-DNA Collection High Resolution Arabidopsis Methylome Perlegen Arabidopsis Resequencing Arabidopsis GMUCT Uncapped & Cleaved Transcripts Single Feature Polvmorphism Database High Resolution Arabidopsis Exosome Arabidopsis Interactome Single-base Resolution Epigenome Maps Transgenerational Inheritance of Methylation Variants Arabidopsis Cyclome Rice Functional Genomics Database Salk Arabidopsis 1,001 Genomes Arabidopsis Population Epigenomic Diversity Arabidopsis Biotic Stress Epigenome EIN3 -Ethylene Chip-seq/RNA-seq browser Soybean Epigenome Browser Human Human DNA Methylomes Human Pluripotent Cell Methylomes Human/Mouse Brain Methylomes Mouse Circadian Epigenome
View all literature mentionsWeb-based software used for the selection of best-fit models of protein evolution.
View all literature mentionsWeb phylogeny server based on the maximum-likelihood principle.
View all literature mentionsPackage of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA or protein sequences using maximum likelihood. PAML estimates parameters and tests hypotheses to study the evolutionary process from a phylogenetic tree.
View all literature mentionsNational and international arabidopsis germplasm resource.Stores over million genotypes in physical stocks servicing worldwide Arabidopsis community in more than 50 countries. Stocks are provided under identical cost recovery conditions to academic and commercial researchers. Non-transgenic stocks are sent gratis to K-17 institutions and in special cases. Provides seed and information resources to International Arabidopsis Genome Programme and research community. Maintains accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana (and small number of other related species), including Characterized lines, Mapping populations, and Insertion lines. You may browse or search catalog.
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