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The association between stroke and depression is well established and has been suggested to be bidirectional. Systemic immune activation, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity, physiologic changes in the perfusion of blood vessels, the downregulation of neurotrophic factors, and apoptosis and necrosis of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cells have been frequently implicated in this relationship. A better understanding of the biology of poststroke depression could be important for enhancing clinical management. We review the currently available biologic markers of stroke-associated depressive illness (i.e., neurophysiologic, neuroendocrine, immunologic, and neuroimaging markers as well as neurotrophic factors).
Pubmed ID: 23149149
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