Tools   Select Another Resource Report Type

http://www.genoscope.cns.fr/externe/tetraodon/

The initial objective of Genoscope was to compare the genomic sequences of this fish to that of humans to help in the annotation of human genes and to estimate their number. This strategy is based on the common genetic heritage of the vertebrates: from one species of vertebrate to another, even for those as far apart as a fish and a mammal, the same genes are present for the most part. In the case of the compact genome of Tetraodon, this common complement of genes is contained in a genome eight times smaller than that of humans. Although the length of the exons is similar in these two species, the size of the introns and the intergenic sequences is greatly reduced in this fish. Furthermore, these regions, in contrast to the exons, have diverged completely since the separation of the lineages leading to humans and Tetraodon. The Exofish method, developed at Genoscope, exploits this contrast such that the conserved regions which can be identified by comparing genomic sequences of the two species, correspond only to coding regions. Using preliminary sequencing results of the genome of Tetraodon in the year 2000, Genoscope evaluated the number of human genes at about 30,000, whereas much higher estimations were current. The progress of the annotation of the human genome has since supported the Genoscope hypothesis, with values as low as 22,000 genes and a consensus of around 25,000 genes. The sequencing of the Tetraodon genome at a depth of about 8X, carried out as a collaboration between Genoscope and the Whitehead Institute Center for Genome Research (now the Broad Institute), was finished in 2002, with the production of an assembly covering 90 of the euchromatic region of the genome of the fish. This has permitted the application of Exofish at a larger scale in comparisons with the genome of humans, but also with those of the two other vertebrates sequenced at the time (Takifugu, a fish closely related to Tetraodon, and the mouse). The conserved regions detected in this way have been integrated into the annotation procedure, along with other resources (cDNA sequences from Tetraodon and ab initio predictions). Of the 28,000 genes annotated, some families were examined in detail: selenoproteins, and Type 1 cytokines and their receptors. The comparison of the proteome of Tetraodon with those of mammals has revealed some interesting differences, such as a major diversification of some hormone systems and of the collagen molecules in the fish. A search for transposable elements in the genomic sequences of Tetraodon has also revealed a high diversity (75 types), which contrasts with their scarcity; the small size of the Tetraodon genome is due to the low abundance of these elements, of which some appear to still be active. Another factor in the compactness of the Tetraodon genome, which has been confirmed by annotation, is the reduction in intron size, which approaches a lower limit of 50-60 bp, and which preferentially affects certain genes. The availability of the sequences from the genomes of humans and mice on one hand, and Takifugu and Tetraodon on the other, provide new opportunities for the study of vertebrate evolution. We have shown that the level of neutral evolution is higher in fish than in mammals. The protein sequences of fish also diverge more quickly than those of mammals. A key mechanism in evolution is gene duplication, which we have studied by taking advantage of the anchoring of the majority of the sequences from the assembly on the chromosomes. The result of this study speaks strongly in favor of a whole genome duplication event, very early in the line of ray-finned fish (Actinopterygians). An even stronger evidence came from synteny studies between the genomes of humans and Tetraodon. Using a high-resolution synteny map, we have reconstituted the genome of the vertebrate which predates this duplication - that is, the last common ancestor to all bony vertebrates (most of the vertebrates apart from cartilaginous fish and agnaths like lamprey). This ancestral karyotype contains 12 chromosomes, and the 21 Tetraodon chromosomes derive from it by the whole genome duplication and a surprisingly small number of interchromosomal rearrangements. On the contrary, exchanges between chromosomes have been much more frequent in the lineage that leads to humans. Sponsors: The project was supported by the Consortium National de Recherche en Genomique and the National Human Genome Research Institute.

Proper citation: Tetraodon Genome Browser (RRID:SCR_007079) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://weizhong-lab.ucsd.edu/cd-hit/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on February 28,2023. Software program for clustering biological sequences with many applications in various fields such as making non-redundant databases, finding duplicates, identifying protein families, filtering sequence errors and improving sequence assembly etc. It is very fast and can handle extremely large databases. CD-HIT helps to significantly reduce the computational and manual efforts in many sequence analysis tasks and aids in understanding the data structure and correct the bias within a dataset. The CD-HIT package has CD-HIT, CD-HIT-2D, CD-HIT-EST, CD-HIT-EST-2D, CD-HIT-454, CD-HIT-PARA, PSI-CD-HIT, CD-HIT-OTU and over a dozen scripts. * CD-HIT (CD-HIT-EST) clusters similar proteins (DNAs) into clusters that meet a user-defined similarity threshold. * CD-HIT-2D (CD-HIT-EST-2D) compares 2 datasets and identifies the sequences in db2 that are similar to db1 above a threshold. * CD-HIT-454 identifies natural and artificial duplicates from pyrosequencing reads. * CD-HIT-OTU cluster rRNA tags into OTUs The usage of other programs and scripts can be found in CD-HIT user''s guide. CD-HIT was originally developed by Dr. Weizhong Li at Dr. Adam Godzik''s Lab at the Burnham Institute (now Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute)., THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 16,2025.

Proper citation: CD-HIT (RRID:SCR_007105) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://hcv.lanl.gov/content/immuno/immuno-main.html

The HCV Immunology Database contains a curated inventory of immunological epitopes in HCV and their interaction with the immune system, with associated retrieval and analysis tools. The funding for the HCV database project has stopped, and this website and the HCV immunology database are no longer maintained. The site will stay up, but problems will not be fixed. The database was last updated in September 2007. The HIV immunology website contains the same tools, and may be usable for non-HCV-specific analyses. For new epitope information, users of this database can try the Immuno Epitope Database (http://www.immuneepitope.org).

Proper citation: HCV Immunology Database (RRID:SCR_007086) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.e-cell.org/

Software platform, general technologies and theoretical supports for computational biology with the grand aim to make precise whole cell simulation at the molecular level possible.Technologies include formalisms and techniques, including technologies to predict, obtain or estimate parameters such as reaction rates and concentrations of molecules in the cell. The E-Cell System is a software platform for modeling, simulation and analysis of complex, heterogeneous and multi-scale system like the cell. The E-Cell Project is open to anyone who shares the view with u that development of cell simulation technology, and, even if such ultimate goal might not be within ten years of reach yet, solving various conceptual, computational and experimental problems that will continue to arise in the course of pursuing it, may have a multitude of eminent scientific, medical and engineering impacts on our society.

Proper citation: Electronic Cell Project (RRID:SCR_007381) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://www.encodeproject.org/

Consortium to build comprehensive parts list of functional elements in human genome. This includes elements that act at protein and RNA levels, and regulatory elements that control cells and circumstances in which gene is active. Data from 2012-present.

Proper citation: Encode (RRID:SCR_015482) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://omictools.com/rnacompete-tool

Method for the systematic analysis of RNA binding specificities that uses a single binding reaction to determine the relative preferences of RBPs for short RNAs that contain a complete range of k-mers in structured and unstructured RNA contexts. RNAcompete identifies expected and previously unknown RNA binding preferences., THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 16,2025.

Proper citation: RNAcompete (RRID:SCR_015900) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/cluepedia

Data analysis software and search tool for new markers potentially associated to pathways. CluePedia calculates linear and non-linear statistical dependencies from experimental data and investigates interrelations within each pathway to reveal associations through gene/protein/miRNA enrichments.

Proper citation: CluePedia Cytoscape plugin (RRID:SCR_015784) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://molevol.cmima.csic.es/castresana/Gblocks_server.html

Software that eliminates poorly aligned positions and divergent regions of a DNA or protein alignment so that it becomes more suitable for phylogenetic analysis., THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on September 16,2025.

Proper citation: Gblocks (RRID:SCR_015945) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.zucic.org/garlic/

Software application for visualization and editing of biomolecules. Used for the investigation of membrane proteins, visualization of other proteins and geometric objects, and analysis of protein sequences.

Proper citation: Garlic (RRID:SCR_016118) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://disulfind.dsi.unifi.it/

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on February 28,2023, Software for predicting the disulfide bonding state of cysteines and their disulfide connectivity, starting from a protein sequence alone and may be useful in other genomic annotation tasks.

Proper citation: DISULFIND (RRID:SCR_016072) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://emboss.sourceforge.net/apps/cvs/embassy/index.html#DOMALIGN

Software commands for Extra EMBOSS and protein domain alignment. The DOMALIGN programs were developed by Jon Ison and colleagues at MRC HGMP for their protein domain research. They are included as an EMBASSY package as a work in progress.

Proper citation: DOMALIGN (RRID:SCR_016085) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://github.com/osallou/cassiopee-c

Software to scan an input genomic sequence (dna/rna/protein). It searchs for a subsequence that has an exact match, substitutions (Hamming distance), and/or insertion/deletions with supporting alphabet ambiguity.

Proper citation: Cassiopee (RRID:SCR_016056) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://github.com/Sung-Huan/ANNOgesic

Software tool for bacterial/archaeal RNA-Seq based genome annotations. Used for integrating, detecting, predicting, and grouping RNA-Seq data.

Proper citation: ANNOgesic (RRID:SCR_016326) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://bioplex.hms.harvard.edu/

Database of cell lines with each expressing a tagged version of a protein from the ORFeome collection. The overarching project goal is to determine protein interactions for every member of the collection.

Proper citation: BioPlex (RRID:SCR_016144) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://mentha.uniroma2.it/

Software that archives evidence collected from different sources, then analyzes and presents these data. Its data come from manually curated protein-protein interaction databases that have adhered to the IMEx consortium.

Proper citation: mentha (RRID:SCR_016148) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://www.rapidnovor.com/antibody-sequencing-service/

Service for monoclonal antibody protein sequencing. It derives the sequences directly from the protein using mass spectrometry and without the need to access the cell line.

Proper citation: REmAb (RRID:SCR_016239) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://pdb-dev.wwpdb.org

Data repository for integrative/hybrid structural models of macromolecules and their assemblies. This includes atomistic models as well as multi-scale models consisting of different coarse-grained representations.

Proper citation: PDB-Dev (RRID:SCR_016185) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://cajadb.neuro.ufrn.br

Software application as an integrated web resource of marmoset biological data. Used to find genomic, expression and alternative splicing data to facilitate the study of animal model for neuropsychiatric and social behavior research and to support biological analyses such as functional (ontology) enrichment analysis and protein-protein-network.

Proper citation: CajaDB (RRID:SCR_016506) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

https://www.genome.jp/tools/dinies/

Web server for predicting unknown drug-target interaction networks from various types of biological data in the framework of supervised network inference.

Proper citation: DINIES (RRID:SCR_016505) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry

http://www.compbio.dundee.ac.uk/jpred/

Software tool for protein secondary structure prediction from the amino acid sequence by the JNet algorithm. Makes also predictions on Solvent Accessibility and Coiled-coil regions.

Proper citation: Jpred (RRID:SCR_016504) Copy   

•   Source: SciCrunch Registry