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Arabidopsis and maize terminator strength is determined by GC content, polyadenylation motifs and cleavage probability.

Sayeh Gorjifard | Tobias Jores | Jackson Tonnies | Nicholas A Mueth | Kerry Bubb | Travis Wrightsman | Edward S Buckler | Stanley Fields | Josh T Cuperus | Christine Queitsch
Nature communications | 2024

The 3' end of a gene, often called a terminator, modulates mRNA stability, localization, translation, and polyadenylation. Here, we adapted Plant STARR-seq, a massively parallel reporter assay, to measure the activity of over 50,000 terminators from the plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Zea mays. We characterize thousands of plant terminators, including many that outperform bacterial terminators commonly used in plants. Terminator activity is species-specific, differing in tobacco leaf and maize protoplast assays. While recapitulating known biology, our results reveal the relative contributions of polyadenylation motifs to terminator strength. We built a computational model to predict terminator strength and used it to conduct in silico evolution that generated optimized synthetic terminators. Additionally, we discover alternative polyadenylation sites across tens of thousands of terminators; however, the strongest terminators tend to have a dominant cleavage site. Our results establish features of plant terminator function and identify strong naturally occurring and synthetic terminators.

Pubmed ID: 38997252

Research resources used in this publication

None found

Antibodies used in this publication

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Associated grants

  • Agency: National Science Foundation (NSF),
    Id: 2240888
  • Agency: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH),
    Id: R01-GM079712
  • Agency: NHGRI NIH HHS, United States
    Id: T32 HG000035
  • Agency: United States Department of Agriculture | National Institute of Food and Agriculture (NIFA),
    Id: 2023-67012-39445
  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R35 GM139532
  • Agency: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH),
    Id: 1R35GM139532
  • Agency: NIGMS NIH HHS, United States
    Id: R01 GM079712
  • Agency: U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (NIH),
    Id: HG000035

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SAMTOOLS (tool)

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