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HIV-2 mediated effects on target and bystander cells induce plasma proteome remodeling.

Emil Johansson | Jamirah Nazziwa | Eva Freyhult | Mun-Gwan Hong | Jacob Lindman | Malin Neptin | Sara Karlson | Melinda Rezeli | Antonio J Biague | Patrik Medstrand | Fredrik Månsson | Hans Norrgren | Joakim Esbjörnsson | Marianne Jansson | SWEGUB CORE group
iScience | 2024

Despite low or undetectable plasma viral load, people living with HIV-2 (PLWH2) typically progress toward AIDS. The driving forces behind HIV-2 disease progression and the role of viremia are still not known, but low-level replication in tissues is believed to play a role. To investigate the impact of viremic and aviremic HIV-2 infection on target and bystander cell pathology, we used data-independent acquisition mass spectrometry to determine plasma signatures of tissue and cell type engagement. Proteins derived from target and bystander cells in multiple tissues, such as the gastrointestinal tract and brain, were detected at elevated levels in plasma of PLWH2, compared with HIV negative controls. Moreover, viremic HIV-2 infection appeared to induce enhanced release of proteins from a broader range of tissues compared to aviremic HIV-2 infection. This study expands the knowledge on the link between plasma proteome remodeling and the pathological cell engagement in tissues during HIV-2 infection.

Pubmed ID: 38500818

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


vsn (tool)

RRID:SCR_001459

Software package that implements a method for normalizing microarray intensities, both between colours within array, and between arrays. The method uses a robust variant of the maximum-likelihood estimator for the stochastic model of microarray data described in the references. The model incorporates data calibration (a.k.a. normalization), a model for the dependence of the variance on the mean intensity, and a variance stabilizing data transformation. Differences between transformed intensities are analogous to normalized log-ratios. However, in contrast to the latter, their variance is independent of the mean, and they are usually more sensitive and specific in detecting differential transcription.

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R Project for Statistical Computing (tool)

RRID:SCR_001905

Software environment and programming language for statistical computing and graphics. R is integrated suite of software facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphical display. Can be extended via packages. Some packages are supplied with the R distribution and more are available through CRAN family.It compiles and runs on wide variety of UNIX platforms, Windows and MacOS.

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Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (tool)

RRID:SCR_003302

Software R package for weighted correlation network analysis. WGCNA is also available as point-and-click application. Unfortunately this application is not maintained anymore. It is known to have compatibility problems with R-2.8.x and newer, and the methods it implements are not all state of the art.

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UniProtKB (tool)

RRID:SCR_004426

Central repository for collection of functional information on proteins, with accurate and consistent annotation. In addition to capturing core data mandatory for each UniProtKB entry (mainly, the amino acid sequence, protein name or description, taxonomic data and citation information), as much annotation information as possible is added. This includes widely accepted biological ontologies, classifications and cross-references, and experimental and computational data. The UniProt Knowledgebase consists of two sections, UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and UniProtKB/TrEMBL. UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot (reviewed) is a high quality manually annotated and non-redundant protein sequence database which brings together experimental results, computed features, and scientific conclusions. UniProtKB/TrEMBL (unreviewed) contains protein sequences associated with computationally generated annotation and large-scale functional characterization that await full manual annotation. Users may browse by taxonomy, keyword, gene ontology, enzyme class or pathway.

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Promega (tool)

RRID:SCR_006724

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Thermo Fisher Scientific (tool)

RRID:SCR_008452

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Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise (tool)

RRID:SCR_009018

Randomized controlled trial being conducted at two clinical centers in the United States to learn more about the effects of weight loss on urinary incontinence. About 330 overweight women aged 30 or older will participate and will be followed for 18 months. Efficacy of weight reduction as a treatment for urinary incontinence will be examined at 6 months following the intensive weight control program, and the sustained impact of the intervention will be examined at 18 months. To increase the maintenance of weight reduction and facilitate evaluation of the enduring impact of weight loss on urinary incontinence, they propose to study a motivation-based weight maintenance program. At the end of the intensive weight control program, women randomized to the weight loss program will be randomized to either a 12-month skill-based maintenance intervention or to a motivation-based maintenance intervention. The maintenance interventions maximize the potential for sustained weight loss and will allow them to determine if long-term weight reduction will produce continued improvement in urinary incontinence.

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LIMMA (tool)

RRID:SCR_010943

Software package for the analysis of gene expression microarray data, especially the use of linear models for analyzing designed experiments and the assessment of differential expression.

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FactoMineR (tool)

RRID:SCR_014602

Software R package for multivariate analysis which takes into account different types of data structure. Data can be organized in groups of variable, groups of individuals, or into hierarchy of variables.

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clusterProfiler (tool)

RRID:SCR_016884

Software R package for statistical analysis and visualization of functional profiles for genes and gene clusters.

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ComplexHeatmap (tool)

RRID:SCR_017270

Software package to arrange multiple heatmaps and support various annotation graphics. Used to visualize associations between different sources of data sets and to reveal potential patterns.

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EnhancedVolcano (tool)

RRID:SCR_018931

Software R package to produce publication ready volcano plots with enhanced colouring and labeling. Used to visualise results of differential expression analyses.

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ThermoFisher Scientific EVOS M5000 Imaging System (tool)

RRID:SCR_023650

Microsoft system includes integrated digital inverted benchtop microscope for four-color fluorescence, transmitted-light, and color imaging. Provides interchangeable optics with autofocus, single-click multi-channel image acquisition.3.2 Megapixels, monochrome, CMOS camera. Offers software for acquisition, analysis, and automated cell counting.

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