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Reptiles exhibit a variety of modes of sex determination, including both temperature-dependent and genetic mechanisms. Among those species with genetic sex determination, sex chromosomes of varying heterogamety (XX/XY and ZZ/ZW) have been observed with different degrees of differentiation. Karyotype studies have demonstrated that Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum) have ZZ/ZW sex determination and this system is likely homologous to the ZZ/ZW system in the Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), but little else is known about their sex chromosomes. Here, we report the assembly and analysis of the Gila monster genome. We generated a de novo draft genome assembly for a male using 10X Genomics technology. We further generated and analyzed short-read whole genome sequencing and whole transcriptome sequencing data for three males and three females. By comparing female and male genomic data, we identified four putative Z chromosome scaffolds. These putative Z chromosome scaffolds are homologous to Z-linked scaffolds identified in the Komodo dragon. Further, by analyzing RNAseq data, we observed evidence of incomplete dosage compensation between the Gila monster Z chromosome and autosomes and a lack of balance in Z-linked expression between the sexes. In particular, we observe lower expression of the Z in females (ZW) than males (ZZ) on a global basis, though we find evidence suggesting local gene-by-gene compensation. This pattern has been observed in most other ZZ/ZW systems studied to date and may represent a general pattern for female heterogamety in vertebrates.
Pubmed ID: 38319079
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Original SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.
View all literature mentionsCollection of curated, non-redundant genomic DNA, transcript RNA, and protein sequences produced by NCBI. Provides a reference for genome annotation, gene identification and characterization, mutation and polymorphism analysis, expression studies, and comparative analyses. Accessed through the Nucleotide and Protein databases.
View all literature mentionsDatabase of biological data related to a single initiative, originating from a single organization or from a consortium. A BioProject record provides users a single place to find links to the diverse data types generated for that project. It is a searchable collection of complete and incomplete (in-progress) large-scale sequencing, assembly, annotation, and mapping projects for cellular organisms. Submissions are supported by a web-based Submission Portal. The database facilitates organization and classification of project data submitted to NCBI, EBI and DDBJ databases that captures descriptive information about research projects that result in high volume submissions to archival databases, ties together related data across multiple archives and serves as a central portal by which to inform users of data availability. BioProject records link to corresponding data stored in archival repositories. The BioProject resource is a redesigned, expanded, replacement of the NCBI Genome Project resource. The redesign adds tracking of several data elements including more precise information about a project''''s scope, material, and objectives. Genome Project identifiers are retained in the BioProject as the ID value for a record, and an Accession number has been added. Database content is exchanged with other members of the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration (INSDC). BioProject is accessible via FTP.
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on February 28,2023. Software Python package that provides infrastructure to process data from high-throughput sequencing assays. While the main purpose of HTSeq is to allow you to write your own analysis scripts, customized to your needs, there are also a couple of stand-alone scripts for common tasks that can be used without any Python knowledge.
View all literature mentionsBiopython is a set of freely available tools for biological computation written in Python by an international team of developers. It is a distributed collaborative effort to develop Python libraries and applications which address the needs of current and future work in bioinformatics. The source code is made available under the Biopython License, which is extremely liberal and compatible with almost every license in the world. It works along with the Open Bioinformatics Foundation, who generously host it''s website, bug tracker, and mailing lists. Sponsor: This resource is supported by the Open Bioinformatics Foundation. Keywords: Tool, Software, Python, Biological, Computation, Bioinformatics,
View all literature mentionsBioconductor software package for Empirical analysis of Digital Gene Expression data in R. Used for differential expression analysis of RNA-seq and digital gene expression data with biological replication.
View all literature mentionsA for-profit funding resource which funds research through the contributions of donors and backers. Scientists can create project profiles which include stated funding goals that must be reached before the end of the campaign. Projects which do not achieve their funding goals will be dropped and no funding from Experiment backers will be received. Three basic criteria must be met before an experiment can receive consideration for funding: The experiment seeks to answer a specific research question, the process and results can be shared openly and transparently, and the researchers have the expertise needed to meet the goals. Additional criteria must be met for academic scientists, individual scientists, and corporate scientists, respectively. Experiments are reviewed by Experiment staff before they are accepted.
View all literature mentionsData aggregate that compiles results from bioinformatics analyses across multiple samples into a single report. It is written in Python.
View all literature mentionsSoftware tool to quantitatively measure genome assembly and annotation completeness based on evolutionarily informed expectations of gene content.
View all literature mentionsGraph-based alignment of next generation sequencing reads to a population of genomes.
View all literature mentionsSoftware Python application for comparative genomics analysis. Finds orthogroups and orthologs, infers rooted gene trees for all orthogroups and identifies all of gene duplcation events in those gene trees, infers rooted species tree for species being analysed and maps gene duplication events from gene trees to branches in species tree, improves orthogroup inference accuracy. Runs set of protein sequence files, one per species, in FASTA format.
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