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The infection of a mammalian host by the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans involves fungal resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced DNA damage stress generated by the defending macrophages or neutrophils. Thus, the DNA damage response in C. albicans may contribute to its pathogenicity. Uncovering the transcriptional changes triggered by the DNA damage-inducing agent MMS in many model organisms has enhanced the understanding of their DNA damage response processes. However, the transcriptional regulation triggered by MMS remains unclear in C. albicans. Here, we explored the global transcription profile in response to MMS in C. albicans and identified 306 defined genes whose transcription was significantly affected by MMS. Only a few MMS-responsive genes, such as MGT1, DDR48, MAG1, and RAD7, showed potential roles in DNA repair. GO term analysis revealed that a large number of induced genes were involved in antioxidation responses, and some downregulated genes were involved in nucleosome packing and IMP biosynthesis. Nevertheless, phenotypic assays revealed that MMS-induced antioxidation gene CAP1 and glutathione metabolism genes GST2 and GST3 showed no direct roles in MMS resistance. Furthermore, the altered transcription of several MMS-responsive genes exhibited RAD53-related regulation. Intriguingly, the transcription profile in response to MMS in C. albicans shared a limited similarity with the pattern in S. cerevisiae, including COX17, PRI2, and MGT1. Overall, C. albicans cells exhibit global transcriptional changes to the DNA damage agent MMS; these findings improve our understanding of this pathogen's DNA damage response pathways.
Pubmed ID: 35886903
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Database of genetic and molecular biological information about Candida albicans. Contains information about genes and proteins, descriptions and classifications of their biological roles, molecular functions, and subcellular localizations, gene, protein, and chromosome sequence information, tools for analysis and comparison of sequences and links to literature information. Each CGD gene or open reading frame has an individual Locus Page. Genetic loci that are not tied to DNA sequence also have Locus Pages. Provides Gene Ontology, GO, to all its users. Three ontologies that comprise GO (Molecular Function, Cellular Component, and Biological Process) are used by multiple databases to annotate gene products, so that this common vocabulary can be used to compare gene products across species. Development of ontologies is ongoing in order to incorporate new information. Data submissions are welcome.
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