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Unaffected relatives of individuals with non-syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL/P) show distinctive facial features. The presence of this facial endophenotype is potentially an expression of underlying genetic susceptibility to NSCL/P in the larger unselected population. To explore this hypothesis, we first partitioned the face into 63 partially overlapping regions representing global-to-local facial morphology and then defined endophenotypic traits by contrasting the 3D facial images from 264 unaffected parents of individuals with NSCL/P versus 3,171 controls. We observed distinct facial features between parents and controls across 59 global-to-local facial segments at nominal significance (p ≤ 0.05) and 52 segments at Bonferroni corrected significance (p < 1.2 × 10-3), respectively. Next, we quantified these distinct facial features as univariate traits in another dataset of 8,246 unaffected European individuals and performed a genome-wide association study. We identified 29 independent genetic loci that were associated (p < 5 × 10-8) with at least one of the tested endophenotypic traits, and nine genetic loci also passed the study-wide threshold (p < 8.47 × 10-10). Of the 29 loci, 22 were in proximity of loci previously associated with normal facial variation, 18 were near genes that show strong evidence in orofacial clefting (OFC), and another 10 showed some evidence in OFC. Additionally, polygenic risk scores for NSCL/P showed associations with the endophenotypic traits. This study thus supports the hypothesis of a shared genetic architecture of normal facial development and OFC.
Pubmed ID: 33692830
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Multi paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language developed by MathWorks. Allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python. Used to explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.
View all literature mentionsDatabase developed to archive and distribute clinical data and results from studies that have investigated interaction of genotype and phenotype in humans. Database to archive and distribute results of studies including genome-wide association studies, medical sequencing, molecular diagnostic assays, and association between genotype and non-clinical traits.
View all literature mentionsA web portal that provides access to data, tools and materials that will aid in craniofacial research. Included is access to genomic and imaging based data sets from a variety of species, including zebrafish, human and mouse.
View all literature mentionsA long-term health research project which follows pregnant women and their offspring in a continuous health and developmental study. More than 14,000 mothers enrolled during pregnancy in 1991 and 1992, and the health and development of their children has been followed in great detail. The ALSPAC families have provided a vast amount of genetic and environmental information over the years which can be made available to researchers globally.
View all literature mentionsNext generation sequencing and genotyping services provided to investigators working to discover genes that contribute to disease. On-site statistical geneticists provide insight into analysis issues as they relate to study design, data production and quality control. In addition, CIDR has a consulting agreement with the University of Washington Genetics Coordinating Center (GCC) to provide statistical and analytical support, most predominantly in the areas of GWAS data cleaning and methods development. Completed studies encompass over 175 phenotypes across 530 projects and 620,000 samples. The impact is evidenced by over 380 peer-reviewed papers published in 100 journals. Three pathways exist to access the CIDR genotyping facility: * NIH CIDR Program: The CIDR contract is funded by 14 NIH Institutes and provides genotyping and statistical genetic services to investigators approved for access through competitive peer review. An application is required for projects supported by the NIH CIDR Program. * The HTS Facility: The High Throughput Sequencing Facility, part of the Johns Hopkins Genetic Resources Core Facility, provides next generation sequencing services to internal JHU investigators and external scientists on a fee-for-service basis. * The JHU SNP Center: The SNP Center, part of the Johns Hopkins Genetic Resources Core Facility, provides genotyping to internal JHU investigators and external scientists on a fee-for-service basis. Data computation service is included to cover the statistical genetics services provided for investigators seeking to identify genes that contribute to human disease. Human Genotyping Services include SNP Genome Wide Association Studies, SNP Linkage Scans, Custom SNP Studies, Cancer Panel, MHC Panels, and Methylation Profiling. Mouse Genotyping Services include SNP Scans and Custom SNP Studies.
View all literature mentionsA dataset containing the full genomic sequence of 1,700 individuals, freely available for research use. The 1000 Genomes Project is an international research effort coordinated by a consortium of 75 companies and organizations to establish the most detailed catalogue of human genetic variation. The project has grown to 200 terabytes of genomic data including DNA sequenced from more than 1,700 individuals that researchers can now access on AWS for use in disease research free of charge. The dataset containing the full genomic sequence of 1,700 individuals is now available to all via Amazon S3. The data can be found at: http://s3.amazonaws.com/1000genomes The 1000 Genomes Project aims to include the genomes of more than 2,662 individuals from 26 populations around the world, and the NIH will continue to add the remaining genome samples to the data collection this year. Public Data Sets on AWS provide a centralized repository of public data hosted on Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon S3). The data can be seamlessly accessed from AWS services such Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) and Amazon Elastic MapReduce (Amazon EMR), which provide organizations with the highly scalable compute resources needed to take advantage of these large data collections. AWS is storing the public data sets at no charge to the community. Researchers pay only for the additional AWS resources they need for further processing or analysis of the data. All 200 TB of the latest 1000 Genomes Project data is available in a publicly available Amazon S3 bucket. You can access the data via simple HTTP requests, or take advantage of the AWS SDKs in languages such as Ruby, Java, Python, .NET and PHP. Researchers can use the Amazon EC2 utility computing service to dive into this data without the usual capital investment required to work with data at this scale. AWS also provides a number of orchestration and automation services to help teams make their research available to others to remix and reuse. Making the data available via a bucket in Amazon S3 also means that customers can crunch the information using Hadoop via Amazon Elastic MapReduce, and take advantage of the growing collection of tools for running bioinformatics job flows, such as CloudBurst and Crossbow.
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