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Multiple unbiased approaches identify oxidosqualene cyclase as the molecular target of a promising anti-leishmanial.

Luciana S Paradela | Richard J Wall | Sandra Carvalho | Giulia Chemi | Victoriano Corpas-Lopez | Eoin Moynihan | Davide Bello | Stephen Patterson | Maria Lucia S Güther | Alan H Fairlamb | Michael A J Ferguson | Fabio Zuccotto | Julio Martin | Ian H Gilbert | Susan Wyllie
Cell chemical biology | 2021

Phenotypic screening identified a benzothiophene compound with activity against Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. Using multiple orthogonal approaches, oxidosqualene cyclase (OSC), a key enzyme of sterol biosynthesis, was identified as the target of this racemic compound and its enantiomers. Whole genome sequencing and screening of a genome-wide overexpression library confirmed that OSC gene amplification is associated with resistance to compound 1. Introduction of an ectopic copy of the OSC gene into wild-type cells reduced susceptibility to these compounds confirming the role of this enzyme in resistance. Biochemical analyses demonstrated the accumulation of the substrate of OSC and depletion of its product in compound (S)-1-treated-promastigotes and cell-free membrane preparations, respectively. Thermal proteome profiling confirmed that compound (S)-1 binds directly to OSC. Finally, modeling and docking studies identified key interactions between compound (S)-1 and the LdOSC active site. Strategies to improve the potency for this promising anti-leishmanial are proposed.

Pubmed ID: 33691122

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This is a list of tools and resources that we have found mentioned in this publication.


SAMTOOLS (tool)

RRID:SCR_002105

Original SAMTOOLS package has been split into three separate repositories including Samtools, BCFtools and HTSlib. Samtools for manipulating next generation sequencing data used for reading, writing, editing, indexing,viewing nucleotide alignments in SAM,BAM,CRAM format. BCFtools used for reading, writing BCF2,VCF, gVCF files and calling, filtering, summarising SNP and short indel sequence variants. HTSlib used for reading, writing high throughput sequencing data.

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Artemis: Genome Browser and Annotation Tool (tool)

RRID:SCR_004267

THIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on February 28,2023. Free genome browser and annotation tool that allows visualization of sequence features, next generation data and the results of analyses within the context of the sequence, and also its six-frame translation. Artemis is free software and is distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License. Artemis is written in Java, and is available for UNIX, Macintosh and Windows systems. It can read EMBL and GENBANK database entries or sequence in FASTA, indexed FASTA or raw format. Other sequence features can be in EMBL, GENBANK or GFF format.

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Bioconductor (tool)

RRID:SCR_006442

Software repository for R packages related to analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data. Uses separate set of commands for installation of packages. Software project based on R programming language that provides tools for analysis and comprehension of high throughput genomic data.

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TriTrypDB (tool)

RRID:SCR_007043

An integrated genomic and functional genomic database providing access to genome-scale datasets for kinetoplastid parasites, and supporting a variety of complex queries driven by research and development needs. Currently, TriTrypDB integrates datasets from Leishmania braziliensis, L. infantum, L. major, L. tarentolae, Trypanosoma brucei and T. cruzi. Users may examine individual genes or chromosomal spans in their genomic context, including syntenic alignments with other kinetoplastid organisms. Data within TriTrypDB can be interrogated utilizing a sophisticated search strategy system that enables a user to construct complex queries combining multiple data types. All search strategies are stored, allowing future access and integrated searches. ''''User Comments'''' may be added to any gene page, enhancing available annotation; such comments become immediately searchable via the text search, and are forwarded to curators for incorporation into the reference annotation when appropriate. TriTrypDB provides programmatic access to its searches, via REST Web Services. The result of a web service request is a list of records (genes, ESTs, etc) in either XML or JSON format. REST services can be executed in a browser by typing a specific URL. TriTrypDB and its continued development are possible through the collaborative efforts between EuPathDB, GeneDB and colleagues at the Seattle Biomedical Research Institute (SBRI).

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Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise (tool)

RRID:SCR_009018

Randomized controlled trial being conducted at two clinical centers in the United States to learn more about the effects of weight loss on urinary incontinence. About 330 overweight women aged 30 or older will participate and will be followed for 18 months. Efficacy of weight reduction as a treatment for urinary incontinence will be examined at 6 months following the intensive weight control program, and the sustained impact of the intervention will be examined at 18 months. To increase the maintenance of weight reduction and facilitate evaluation of the enduring impact of weight loss on urinary incontinence, they propose to study a motivation-based weight maintenance program. At the end of the intensive weight control program, women randomized to the weight loss program will be randomized to either a 12-month skill-based maintenance intervention or to a motivation-based maintenance intervention. The maintenance interventions maximize the potential for sustained weight loss and will allow them to determine if long-term weight reduction will produce continued improvement in urinary incontinence.

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Adobe Illustrator (tool)

RRID:SCR_010279

Vector graphics software to create digital graphics, illustrations, and typography for several types of media: print, web, interactive, video, and mobile.

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New England Biolabs (tool)

RRID:SCR_013517

An Antibody supplier

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Adobe Photoshop (tool)

RRID:SCR_014199

Software for image processing, analysis, and editing. The software includes features such as touch capabilities, a customizable toolbar, 2D and 3D image merging, and Cloud access and options.

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Inkscape (tool)

RRID:SCR_014479

A vector graphics software which runs on Windows, Mac OS X and GNU/Linux. It can import and export various file formats, including SVG, AI, EPS, PDF, PS and PNG. Features include object creation, object manipulation, color editing, and text editing.

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MaxQuant (tool)

RRID:SCR_014485

A quantitative proteomics software package for analyzing large-scale mass-spectrometric data sets. It is a set of algorithms that include peak detection and scoring of peptides, mass calibration, database searches for protein identification, protein quantification, and provides summary statistics.

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Bowtie 2 (tool)

RRID:SCR_016368

Ultrafast and memory efficient tool for aligning sequencing reads to long reference sequences. Supports gapped, local, and paired end alignment modes. More suited to finding longer, gapped alignments in comparison with original Bowtie method.

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Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC) (tool)

RRID:SCR_014707

Institution which compiles and distributes small molecule crystallography data from the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD), a repository of experimentally determined organic and metal-organic crystal structures. CCDC also produces associated knowledge-based application software for structural chemists. Structures deposited with CCDC are made publically available for download at the point of publication or at consent from the depositor.

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Schrodinger (tool)

RRID:SCR_014879

Commercial ogranization which provides molecular and drug discovery software and services to researchers. American software company that develops chemical simulation software for use in pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and materials science research. Provides products ranging from general molecular modeling programs to a full suite of chemical simulation and drug design software, including ligand- and structure-based methods.

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Perseus (tool)

RRID:SCR_015753

Software that supports biological and biomedical researchers in interpreting protein quantification, interaction and post-translational modification data. Perseus contains a comprehensive portfolio of statistical tools for high-dimensional omics data analysis covering normalization, pattern recognition, time-series analysis, cross-omics comparisons and multiplehypothesis testing.

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Epik (tool)

RRID:SCR_016745

Software program for pKa prediction and protonation state generation for drug like molecules.

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