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The gut microbiota is a complex ecological community that plays multiple critical roles within a host. Known intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect gut microbiota structure, but the influence of host genetics is understudied. To investigate the role of host genetics upon the gut microbiota structure, we performed a longitudinal study in which we evaluated the hindgut microbiota and its association with animal growth and immunity across life. We evaluated three different growth stages in an Angus-Brahman multibreed population with a graduated spectrum of genetic variation, raised under variable environmental conditions and diets. We found the gut microbiota structure was changed significantly during growth when preweaning, and fattening calves experienced large variations in diet and environmental changes. However, regardless of the growth stage, we found gut microbiota is significantly influenced by breed composition throughout life. Host genetics explained the relative abundances of 52.2%, 40.0%, and 37.3% of core bacterial taxa at the genus level in preweaning, postweaning, and fattening calves, respectively. Sutterella, Oscillospira, and Roseburia were consistently associated with breed composition at these three growth stages. Especially, butyrate-producing bacteria, Roseburia and Oscillospira, were associated with nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in genes involved in the regulation of host immunity and metabolism in the hindgut. Furthermore, minor allele frequency analysis found breed-associated SNPs in the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) receptor genes that promote anti-inflammation and enhance intestinal epithelial barrier functions. Our findings provide evidence of dynamic and lifelong host genetic effects upon gut microbiota, regardless of growth stages. We propose that diet, environmental changes, and genetic components may explain observed variation in critical hindgut microbiota throughout life.
Pubmed ID: 33649551
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Open-source software for network visualization and analysis helping data analysts to intuitively reveal patterns and trends, highlight outliers and tells stories with their data. It uses a 3D render engine to display large graphs in real-time and to speed up the exploration. Gephi combines built-in functionalities and flexible architecture to: explore, analyze, spatialize, filter, cluterize, manipulate and export all types of networks. Gephi runs on Windows, Linux and Mac OS X. Gephi is based on a visualize-and-manipulate paradigm which allow any user to discover networks and data properties. Moreover, it is designed to follow the chain of a case study, from data file to nice printable maps. It is open-source and free (GNU General Public License). Applications: * Exploratory Data Analysis: intuition-oriented analysis by networks manipulations in real time. * Link Analysis: revealing the underlying structures of associations between objects, in particular in scale-free networks. * Social Network Analysis: easy creation of social data connectors to map community organizations and small-world networks. * Biological Network analysis: representing patterns of biological data. * Poster creation: scientific work promotion with hi-quality printable maps. Gephi 0.7 architecture is modular and therefore allows developers to add and extend functionalities with ease. New features like Metrics, Layout, Filters, Data sources and more can be easily packaged in plugins and shared. The built-in Plugins Center automatically gets the list of plugins available from the Gephi Plugin portal and takes care of all software updates. Download, comment, and rate plugins provided by community members and third-party companies, or post your own contributions!
View all literature mentionsTHIS RESOURCE IS NO LONGER IN SERVICE. Documented on February 28,2023. R software library for genome-wide association analysis for quantitative, binary and time-till-event traits.
View all literature mentionsHigh quality ribosomal RNA databases providing comprehensive, quality checked and regularly updated datasets of aligned small (16S/18S, SSU) and large subunit (23S/28S, LSU) ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequences for all three domains of life (Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya). Supplementary services include a rRNA gene aligner, online tools for probe and primer evaluation and optimized browsing, searching and downloading on the website. The extensively curated SILVA taxonomy and the new non-redundant SILVA datasets provide an ideal reference for high-throughput classification of data from next-generation sequencing approaches. Alignment tool, SINA, is available for download as well as available for use online.
View all literature mentionsMarkov chain Monte Carlo program for association in two-dimensional contingency tables, and for testing Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
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