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Limited statistical power due to small sample sizes is a problem in fMRI research. Most of the work to date has examined the impact of sample size on task-related activation, with less attention paid to the influence of sample size on brain-behavior correlations, especially in actual experimental fMRI data. We addressed this issue using two large data sets (a working memory task, N = 171, and a relational processing task, N = 865) and both univariate and multivariate approaches to voxel-wise correlations. We created subsamples of different sizes and calculated correlations between task-related activity at each voxel and task performance. Across both data sets the magnitude of the brain-behavior correlations decreased and similarity across spatial maps increased with larger sample sizes. The multivariate technique identified more extensive correlated areas and more similarity across spatial maps, suggesting that a multivariate approach would provide a consistent advantage over univariate approaches in the stability of brain-behavior correlations. In addition, the multivariate analyses showed that a sample size of roughly 80 or more participants would be needed for stable estimates of correlation magnitude in these data sets. Importantly, a number of additional factors would likely influence the choice of sample size for assessing such correlations in any given experiment, including the cognitive task of interest and the amount of data collected per participant. Our results provide novel experimental evidence in two independent data sets that the sample size commonly used in fMRI studies of 20-30 participants is very unlikely to be sufficient for obtaining reproducible brain-behavior correlations, regardless of analytic approach.
Pubmed ID: 32996635
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A viewer for medical research images that provides analysis tools and a user interface to navigate image volumes. There are three versions of Mango, each geared for a different platform: * Mango ? Desktop ? Mac OS X, Windows, and Linux * webMango ? Browser ? Safari, Firefox, Chrome, and Internet Explorer * iMango ? Mobile ? Apple iPad Key Features: * Built-in support for DICOM, NIFTI, Analyze, and NEMA-DES formats * Customizable: Create plugins, custom filters, color tables, file formats, and atlases * ROI Editing: Threshold and component-based tools for painting and tracing ROIs * Surface Rendering: Interactive surface models supporting cut planes and overlays * Image Registration: Semi-automatic image coregistration and manual transform editing * Image Stacking: Threshold and transparency-based image overlay stacking * Analysis: Histogram, cross-section, time-series analysis, image and ROI statistics * Processing: Kernel and rank filtering, arithmetic/logic image and ROI calculators
View all literature mentionsSoftware package for analysis of brain imaging data sequences. Sequences can be a series of images from different cohorts, or time-series from same subject. Current release is designed for analysis of fMRI, PET, SPECT, EEG and MEG.
View all literature mentionsMulti paradigm numerical computing environment and fourth generation programming language developed by MathWorks. Allows matrix manipulations, plotting of functions and data, implementation of algorithms, creation of user interfaces, and interfacing with programs written in other languages, including C, C++, Java, Fortran and Python. Used to explore and visualize ideas and collaborate across disciplines including signal and image processing, communications, control systems, and computational finance.
View all literature mentionsOpen source software suite for processing and analyzing human brain MRI images. Used for reconstruction of brain cortical surface from structural MRI data, and overlay of functional MRI data onto reconstructed surface. Contains automatic structural imaging stream for processing cross sectional and longitudinal data. Provides anatomical analysis tools, including: representation of cortical surface between white and gray matter, representation of the pial surface, segmentation of white matter from rest of brain, skull stripping, B1 bias field correction, nonlinear registration of cortical surface of individual with stereotaxic atlas, labeling of regions of cortical surface, statistical analysis of group morphometry differences, and labeling of subcortical brain structures.Operating System: Linux, macOS.
View all literature mentionsAn open-source visualization, analysis and discovery tool used to map data generated by the Human Connectome Project (HCP). This tool allows you to explore and perform operations on multiple types of data, including connectivity data, in a fully interactive way. Connectome Workbench works seamlessly with ConnectomeDB to import data from a single subject, or average data from a group of subjects and register that data onto a standard brain atlas. Workbench allows you to explore data and activity on the surface, as well as in the volume of the brain. Workbench also includes many command-line utilities (wb_command) that perform a wide variety of algorithmic tasks using volume, surface, and grayordinate data; these utilities are extensively used in the HCP minimal preprocessing pipelines. This visualization platform is based on Caret, a software package for structural and functional analyses of the cerebral and cerebellar cortex developed in the Van Essen Laboratory at Washington University.
View all literature mentionsSoftware library of image analysis and statistical tools for fMRI, MRI and DTI brain imaging data. Include registration, atlases, diffusion MRI tools for parameter reconstruction and probabilistic taractography, and viewer. Several brain atlases, integrated into FSLView and Featquery, allow viewing of structural and cytoarchitectonic standard space labels and probability maps for cortical and subcortical structures and white matter tracts. Includes Harvard-Oxford cortical and subcortical structural atlases, Julich histological atlas, JHU DTI-based white-matter atlases, Oxford thalamic connectivity atlas, Talairach atlas, MNI structural atlas, and Cerebellum atlas.
View all literature mentionsA toolbox for SPM to improve fMRI analysis of high motion pediatric and clinical subjects. The toolbox includes special algorithms for motion adjustment, data repair, and noise filtering, and methods to find outlier subjects in group studies. Visualization tools are included for quality checking the data, including a movie format for viewing all data and all contrast estimates on every voxel of every subject. Methods are included to quantify results into percent signal change. * Operating System: OS Independent * Programming Language: MATLAB * Supported Data Format: ANALYZE, NIfTI-1 * execution requires: SPM
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