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Revealing the landscape of epigenetic changes in cells during differentiation is important for understanding the development of organisms. In this study, to infer such epigenetic changes during human hematopoiesis, ancestral state estimation based on a phylogenetic tree was applied to map the epigenomic changes in six kinds of histone modifications onto the hierarchical cell differentiation process of hematopoiesis using epigenomes of eight types of differentiated hematopoietic cells. The histone modification changes inferred during hematopoiesis showed that changes that occurred on the branches separating different cell types reflected the characteristics of hematopoiesis in terms of genomic position and gene function. These results suggested that ancestral state estimation based on phylogenetic analysis of histone modifications in differentiated hematopoietic cells could reconstruct an appropriate landscape of histone modification changes during hematopoiesis. Since integration of the inferred changes of different histone modifications could reveal genes with specific histone marks such as active histone marks and bivalent histone marks on each internal branch of cell-type trees, this approach could provide valuable information for understanding the cell differentiation steps of each cell lineage.
Pubmed ID: 32550550
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Consortium to further the understanding of how genes are activated or repressed in both healthy and diseased human cells with a focus on distinct types of haematopoietic cells from healthy individuals and on their malignant leukemic counterparts. They will generate at least 100 reference epigenomes and study them to advance and exploit knowledge of the underlying biological processes and mechanisms in health and disease. Reference epigenomes will be generated by state-of-the-art technologies from highly purified cells for a comprehensive set of epigenetic marks in accordance with quality standards set by International Human Epigenome Consortium (IHEC). Access to the data is provided as well as the protocols used to collect the different blood cell types, to perform the different types of epigenomic analyses, etc.). This resource-generating activity will be complemented by hypothesis-driven research into blood-based diseases, including common leukemias and autoimmune disease (Type 1 Diabetes), by discovery and validation of epigenetic markers for diagnostic use and by epigenetic target identification. Since epigenetic changes are reversible, they can be targets for the development of novel and more individualized medical treatments. The involvement of companies will energize epigenomic research in the private sector by the development of smart technologies for better diagnostic tests and by identifying new targets for compounds. Thus the results of the project may lead to targeted diagnostics, new treatments and preventive measures for specific diseases in individual patients, an approach known as "personalized medicine". The Blueprint Data Access Committee will consider applications for access to data sets stored in the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) when authorized to do so by the Blueprint consortium and the holders of the original consent documents. Access is conditional upon availability of samples and/or data and signed agreement by the researcher(s) and the responsible employing Institution to abide by policies related to publication, data disposal, ethical approval and confidentiality. At EBI, the ftp site with the data can be found. You can either opt to link to the track hubs yourself or you can add the track hub to a genome browser - UCSC or ENSEMBL. Also Meta Data files and README are available. The data can also be accessed via the BIOMART system.
View all literature mentionsA powerful toolset for genome arithmetic allowing one to address common genomics tasks such as finding feature overlaps and computing coverage. Bedtools allows one to intersect, merge, count, complement, and shuffle genomic intervals from multiple files in widely-used genomic file formats such as BAM, BED, GFF/GTF, VCF. While each individual tool is designed to do a relatively simple task (e.g., intersect two interval files), quite sophisticated analyses can be conducted by combining multiple bedtools operations on the UNIX command line.
View all literature mentionsA flexible software tool to generate the probability distribution of joint multilocus genotypes defined by sets of individuals within the pedigree and sets of markers within the framework map. (entry from Genetic Analysis Software)
View all literature mentionsIntegrated database resource consisting of 16 main databases, broadly categorized into systems information, genomic information, and chemical information. In particular, gene catalogs in completely sequenced genomes are linked to higher-level systemic functions of cell, organism, and ecosystem. Analysis tools are also available. KEGG may be used as reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of large-scale datasets generated by sequencing and other high-throughput experimental technologies.
View all literature mentionsSoftware which creates phylogenetic trees from molecular, morphological and/or behavioral data through high speed computer analysis.
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